id: 144689
accession number: 1969.31
share license status: CC0
url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.31
updated: 2024-04-25 14:35:58.651000
Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts, 1736–70s. Giuseppe Castiglione (Italian, 1688–1766), and others (Chinese). Handscroll; ink and color on silk; overall: 53.8 x 1154.5 cm (21 3/16 x 454 1/2 in.); painting only: 53 x 688.3 cm (20 7/8 x 271 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund 1969.31
title: Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts
title in original language: 乾隆帝及后妃圖卷
series:
series in original language:
creation date: 1736–70s
creation date earliest: 1736
creation date latest: 1779
current location:
creditline: John L. Severance Fund
copyright:
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culture: China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)
technique: Handscroll; ink and color on silk
department: Chinese Art
collection: ASIAN - Handscroll
type: Painting
find spot:
catalogue raisonne:
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CREATORS
* Giuseppe Castiglione (Italian, 1688–1766) - artist
Italian Jesuit missionary, painter, and textile designer, who worked in China. He served as an artist at the imperial court of three emperors: the Kangzi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong emperors. He painted in a style that is a fusion of European and Chinese traditions.
* others (Chinese) - artist
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measurements: Overall: 53.8 x 1154.5 cm (21 3/16 x 454 1/2 in.); Painting only: 53 x 688.3 cm (20 7/8 x 271 in.)
state of the work:
edition of the work:
support materials:
inscriptions:
inscription: 9 seals of the Qianlong emperor (r. 1736–95).
translation:
remark:
inscription: The eighth month, first year of Qianlong [1736] 乾隆元年八月吉日.
The Empress (Xiaoxian) 皇后 (1712–1748),
The Guifei (Huixian) 貴妃 (?-–1745),
Chunfei 純妃 (1713–1760),
Jiafei 嘉妃 (?–1755),
Lingfei 令妃 (1727–1775),
Shufei 舒妃 (1728–1777),
Qingbin 慶嬪 (1724–1774),
Yingbin 穎嬪 (1731–1800),
Xinbin 忻嬪 (?–1764),
Dunfei 惇妃 (1746–1806),
Xunfei 順妃 (1749–1788),
Shunbin 循嬪 (?–1797).
translation:
remark:
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CURRENT EXHIBITIONS
title: Year in Review: 1969
opening date: 1970-01-27T05:00:00
Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).
title: Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting
opening date: 1981-02-11T05:00:00
Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981).
title: Portraiture: The Image of the Individual
opening date: 1983-11-22T05:00:00
Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).
title: The Twain Shall Meet
opening date: 1985-10-30T05:00:00
The Twain Shall Meet. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).
title: Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia
opening date: 1990-07-24T04:00:00
Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 24-November 25, 1990).
title: Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art
opening date: 1998-02-21T00:00:00
Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).
title: Art Under Emperor Ch'ien-lung
opening date: 2002-10-05T00:00:00
Art Under Emperor Ch'ien-lung. National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. (October 5-December 20, 2002).
title: Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting
opening date: 2015-11-14T00:00:00
Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14, 2015-April 24, 2016).
title: China's Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta
opening date: 2023-09-10T04:00:00
China's Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).
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LEGACY EXHIBITIONS
* {'description': 'Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 242). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 21, 2013-July 28, 2014).', 'opening_date': '2013-11-21T05:00:00Z'}
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PROVENANCE
Qing imperial collection (seals of Emperor Qianlong, r. 1736-1795)
date: 1736-?
footnotes:
citations:
(Spink & Son, Ltd., London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)
date: by 1966-1969
footnotes:
citations:
The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH
date: 1969-
footnotes:
citations:
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fun fact:
digital description:
wall description:
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RELATED WORKS
id: 144690
Carved Lacquer Scroll Box, 1736–95. China, Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Qianlong reign (1736–95). Red carved lacquer on wood; overall: 14 x 14.7 x 59 cm (5 1/2 x 5 13/16 x 23 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund 1969.32
relationship:
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CITATIONS
Octagon III, No. 4 (Winter 1966). London: Spink & Son, pp. 12-13
page number: pp. 12, 13
url:
“Art of Asia Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1969.” Archives of Asian Art, vol. 24, 1970, pp. 86–117.
page number: Mentioned: p. 127
url: www.jstor.org/stable/20111025
Beurdeley, Cécile, and Michel Beurdeley. Giuseppe Castiglione, a Jesuit Painter at the Court of the Chinese Emperors. Rutland, Vt: C.E. Tuttle Co, 1971.
page number: Mentioned and Rproduced: pp. 41, 43, 98-100, 178
url:
Beurdeley, Cécile, and Michel Beurdeley. "Le frère Castiglione." Connaissance des arts, 1971, 235, pp. 72-79.
page number: Reproduced: p. 75
url:
Toynbee, Arnold, and Elsé Glahn. Half the World: The History and Culture of China and Japan. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973.
page number: Reproduced: p. 268
url:
Sung, Yu. "A Comparison of Two Versions of the Chü jui t'u 聚瑞圖 by Giuseppe Castiglione." National Palace Museum Bulletin 故宮通訊, XI, no. 3 (July-August 1976).
page number: Reproduced: fig. 2
url:
Lee, Sherman E. “Varieties of Portraiture in Chinese and Japanese Art.” The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 64, no. 4, 1977, pp. 118–136.
page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 119-122, cover pls., figs. 1, 2
url: www.jstor.org/stable/25159523
The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.
page number: Reproduced: p. 358
url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n378
Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.
page number: Reproduced: p. 355-357, cat. no. 262
url:
Bunker, Emma C., Dieter Kuhn and Ronald Y. Otsuka. Secret Splendors of the Chinese Court: Qing Dynasty Costume from the Charlotte Hill Grant Collection, Denver Art Museum, Stanton Gallery, December 30, 1981-March 21, 1982. Denver, CO: The Denver Art Museum, 1981.
page number: Reproduced: p. 26
url:
Neils, Jenifer. “The Twain Shall Meet.” The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326–359.
page number: Reproduced: p. 355, fig. 60
url: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914
Wilson, J. Keith. "Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 77, no. 8 (1990): 286-323.
page number: Reproduced: cat. no. 35, p. 322
url: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161297
Garrett, Valery M. A Collector's Guide to Chinese Dress Accessories. Singapore: Times Editions, 1997.
page number: Reproduced
url:
Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. Masterworks of Asian Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.
page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 100-101
url:
Paludan, Ann. Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial China. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1998.
page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 159 and 196
url:
Tōyō kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kurīvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara [東洋絵画の精華: 特别展: クリーヴラント美術館のコレクションから= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.
page number: Reproduced: p. 73, cat. no. 45
url:
Spence, Jonathan D. The search for modern China. New York/London: W. W. Norton, 1999.
page number: Reproduced
url:
Vollmer, John E. "Clothed to Rule the Universe: Ming and Qing Dynasty Textiles at The Art Institute of Chicago." The Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies, vol. 26, no. 2, 2000, pp. 13–105.
page number: Reproduced: p. 27, fig. 3
url: www.jstor.org/stable/4104402
May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.
page number: Reproduced: cat. no. 83, pp. 78-9; Mentioned: p. 119
url:
Chan Tat Chuen, William. A la table de l'empereur de Chine. Arles: Éditions Philippe Picquier, 2002.
page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 8-9
url:
Berriedale-Johnson, Michelle. The British Museum Festive Feasts Cookbook. London: British Museum, 2003.
page number: Reproduced: p. 106
url:
Sale, Giovanni and Gauvin A Bailey. Ignazio e l'arte dei gesuiti. Milano: Jaca Book, 2003.
page number: Reproduced: fig. 276
url:
Ho, Chuimei, and Bennet Bronson. Splendors of China's Forbidden City: The Glorious Reign of Emperor Qianlong. London: Merrell, 2004.
page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 203, p. 294
url:
Ho, Chuimei. "The Relations between Qianlong and His Consorts: Stories of a Man with Forty Wives." Orientations 35, no. 2 (March 2004): pp. 66-73.
page number:
url:
Ho, Chuimei . "Building a Cultural Great Wall." Calliope, December 2004, Vol. 15 Issue 4, pp. 30-32.
page number: Reproduced: pp. 30-31
url: http://search.ebscohost.com.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hsi&AN=15325579&site=ehost-live.
Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, Michèle. “Giuseppe Castiglione Et Le Renouveau Du Portrait Impérial Au XVIII e. Arts Asiatiques, vol. 60, 2005, pp. 22–30.
page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 24. fig. 3
url: https://www-jstor-org.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/stable/43484209
Elliott, Jeannette Shambaugh, and David L. Shambaugh. The odyssey of China's Imperial art treasures. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2005.
page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 52
url:
Brummett, Palmira Johnson et al, eds. Civilization Past & Present, 11th edition, Volume B: 500-1815. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006.
page number: Reproduced: p. 602
url:
Schoppa, R. Keith. Revolution and Its Past: Identities and Change in Modern Chinese History, 2nd edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.
page number: Reproduced: p. 39
url:
Hsia, Ronnie Po-chia. Noble patronage and Jesuit missions: Maria Theresia von Fugger-Wellenburg (1690-1762) and Jesuit missionaries in China and Vietnam. Rome: Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu, 2006.
page number: Reproduced
url:
Chen, Pao-chen 陳葆真. "A Study of the Portraits of Emperor Qianlong and His Consorts and Its Related Problems 《心寫治平》— 乾隆帝后妃嬪圖卷和相關議題的探討." Mei shu shi yan jiu ji kan (Taida Journal of Art History = 美術史研究集刊), no. 21 (September 2006): pp. 89-150.
page number:
url:
Schoppa, R. Keith. East Asia: Identities and Change in the Modern World, 1700-Present. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2008.
page number: Reproduced
url:
Elliott, Mark C. Emperor Qianlong: Son of Heaven, Man of the World. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009.
page number: Reproduced: cover
url:
Fong, Wen, and Jerome Silbergeld, editor. Bridges to Heaven: Essays on East Asian Art in Honor of Professor Wen C. Fong. Princeton, NJ: P.Y. and Kinmay W. Tang Center for East Asian Art, Dept. of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University, 2011.
page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 336-337, 344, figs 1 & 13
url:
Kleutghen, Kristina. "Contemplating Eternity: An Illusionistic Portrait of the Qianlong Emperor's Heir." Orientations, 42, Number 4 (May 2011).
page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 77, fig. 3
url:
Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.
page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cover and pp. 216-217
url:
Chung, Anita. Ai Weiwei: Circle of Animals/Zodiac Heads: July 27, 2013-January 26, 2014, the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.
page number: Reproduced: p. 18, fig. 3 (detail); p. 26-27, fig. 8
url:
Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 53 no. 05, September/October 2013
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 14–15
url: https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-05/page/14
Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.
page number: Reproduced: pp. 434–439
url:
Xu, Jay and Li He, eds. Emperors' Treasures: Chinese Art from the National Palace Museum, Taipei. San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2016.
page number: Reproduced: p. 138, fig. 3
url:
Clunas, Craig. Chinese Painting and Its Audiences. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2017.
page number: Reproduced: pp. 218-219, fig. 6.30
url:
Von Spee, Clarissa. “The Power of Writing: A new display in the Chinese galleries focuses on inscriptions.” Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine vol. 58, no. 5 (September/October 2018): 12-13.
page number: Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 12.
url:
Wang, Daisy Yiyou. "Deciphering Portraits of Qing Empresses." In Empresses of China's Forbidden City: 1644-1912. Daisy Yiyou Wang, and Jan Stuart, eds., 88-109. Salem, Massachusetts: Peabody Essex Museum; Washington, DC: Freer/Sackler, Smithsonian Institution, 2018.
page number: Mentioned: p. 101, 144; Reproduced: p. 103, fig. 18
url:
Wang, Daisy Yiyou. "Family, Gender and Power: Portraying Qing Imperial Women." Arts of Asia, vol. 49, no. 1 (January-February 2019): pp. 20-33.
page number: Reproduced: fig. 1, pp. 20-21
url:
Vinograd, Richard Ellis. Facing China: Truth and Memory in Portraiture. London: Reaktion Books, 2022.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: P. 28-29, fig. 7
url:
Wang, Liangming. "A World Dotted with Kingfisher Blue: Feather Tributes and the Qing Court." in Social Lives of Chinese Objects, edited by Alice Bianchi and Lyce Jankowski, 228-267. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2023.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 264, fig. 7.20
url:
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IMAGES
web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.31/1969.31_web.jpg
print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.31/1969.31_print.jpg
full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.31/1969.31_full.tif