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"tombstone": "Mughal ruler Humayun defeating the Afghans before reconquering India, folio from an Akbar-nama (Book of Akbar) of Abu\u2019l Fazl (Indian, 1551\u20131602), c. 1590. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556\u20131605). Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; image: 31.2 x 18.6 cm (12 5/16 x 7 5/16 in.); overall: 36.5 x 23.1 cm (14 3/8 x 9 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1971.77",
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"title": "Mughal ruler Humayun defeating the Afghans before reconquering India, folio from an Akbar-nama (Book of Akbar) of Abu\u2019l Fazl (Indian, 1551\u20131602)",
"creation_date": "c. 1590",
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"technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper",
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"department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art",
"collection": "Indian Art",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Image: 31.2 x 18.6 cm (12 5/16 x 7 5/16 in.); Overall: 36.5 x 23.1 cm (14 3/8 x 9 1/8 in.)",
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"current": [
{
"id": 203111,
"title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India",
"description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).",
"opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 441124,
"title": "Martial Art of India",
"description": "Martial Art of India. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 11-August 21, 2022).",
"opening_date": "2022-02-11T05:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 15, 1998-February 17, 1999).",
"opening_date": "1998-07-15T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 12-August 22, 2002).",
"opening_date": "2002-02-12T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 13-February 18, 2004).",
"opening_date": "2004-08-13T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 18, 2004-May 23, 2005).",
"opening_date": "2004-08-18T00:00:00"
}
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"provenance": [
{
"description": "John D. MacDonald, Cambridge, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?-1971",
"sortorder": 1
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{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
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"footnotes": null,
"date": "1971-",
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"did_you_know": "A well-trained war elephant can pull an opponent off his horse with its trunk.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "In a battle that took place in 1555, the second Mughal emperor, Humayun, reconquered northern India from the Afghans with the help of Iranian military forces. His mounted figure stands out from the fray, with his golden helmet and red tunic silhouetted against a hillside in the upper center of the composition. To illustrate the beginning of hisown biography, Humayun\u2019s son Akbar included this image of his father riding victoriously back to India. The scene never actually occurred in this way, since Humayun did not participate in this particular battle; his inclusion here is symbolic.",
"external_resources": {
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"citations": [
{
"citation": "Levine, Deborah. \u201cGreat Events and Shining Actions.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 63, no. 3 (March 1976): 89\u201395.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 89-92, fig. 1",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152629"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 304",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n324"
},
{
"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.",
"page_number": "cat. no. 13",
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"alternate_titles": [
"Humayun defeating the Afghans before reconquering India, from an Akbar-nama (History of Akbar)",
"Humuyan's Victory over the Afghans. Page from the Akbar Nama"
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"updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:30:10.361000"
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