id: 146917 accession number: 1972.32 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.32 updated: 2024-03-26 01:59:32.300000 Landscape with a Flock of Sheep, 1800s. Charles-Émile Jacque (French, 1813–1894). Black chalk with stumping; sheet: 26.8 x 41.5 cm (10 9/16 x 16 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden Fund 1972.32 title: Landscape with a Flock of Sheep title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: 1800s creation date earliest: 1813 creation date latest: 1894 current location: creditline: Delia E. Holden Fund copyright: --- culture: France, 19th century technique: black chalk with stumping department: Drawings collection: DR - French type: Drawing find spot: catalogue raisonne: --- CREATORS * Charles-Émile Jacque (French, 1813–1894) - artist After his schooling, Charles-Émile Jacque began work in a notary's office, but he quickly departed to pursue printmaking. Apprenticed at seventeen to a map engraver, he made his first etching the same year, a female head after Rembrandt. Dissatisfied with cartography, Jacque joined the army, where he served seven years. During this time he prepared the lithographic album Militairiana (1840), praised by poet and critic Charles Baudelaire for the frankness of its caricatures of military life. Jacque worked in London in 1836-38 producing woodcuts to illustrate Shakespeare and a history of Greece. Back in France he established his reputation as an illustrator and contributed caricatures to Charivari in 1843 and 1844. Married in 1843, he made his debut at the Salon as an etcher two years later, his prints prompting Baudelaire's admiration once again. Jacque played a key role in the revival of etching in France during the 1840s, but he also began to paint in this period. He depicted windmills at Montmartre in emulation of Michel (q.v.), whose dramatic landscapes would remain a source of inspiration. Jacque's realist paintings of animals in the country, especially pigs, chickens, and sheep, soon became his hallmark, and in 1848 the state bought his picture Herd of Cattle at the Drinking Hole (Musée des Beaux-Arts, Angers). In the spring of 1849, to avoid cholera in Paris, Jacque and his friend of three years Millet (q.v.) moved their families to adjoining properties in the artists' colony of Barbizon. Jacque introduced Millet to rustic themes, while Millet's work prompted Jacque to imbue his peasant subjects with more vigor. Besides making art, Jacque bred poultry, cultivated asparagus, and invested in real estate in Barbizon. He also wrote and illustrated the book Le poulailler: Monographie des poules indigènes et exotiques (The Henhouse: Monograph on Native and Exotic Poultry, 1858). These business interests distinguished him from his Barbizon colleagues and contributed to the cooling of his friendship with Millet and others. In the 1850s and 1860s Jacque experimented with larger print formats, and he exhibited animal paintings at the Salon for the first time in 1861, winning a third-class medal. After 1860 he spent more time in Paris than Barbizon and in the 1870s established a factory for the production of "artistic furniture" based on Gothic and Renaissance pieces. Between 1870 and 1888 Jacque did not show at the Salon, but he continued to produce and sell works through dealers. Repeating the same themes, he began to use the palette knife and painted more thickly and freely. Combining art and business, he helped establish and became president of the Société des Animaliers Français in 1881. Outliving the other Barbizon artists, the elderly Jacque called himself "the last of the romantics." He profited from the Anglo-American taste for landscape in the late nineteenth century. At the 1889 Exposition Universelle Jacque obtained a gold medal as painter and a grand prix as printmaker. --- measurements: Sheet: 26.8 x 41.5 cm (10 9/16 x 16 5/16 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: description: cream(1) wove paper, discolored in image area to cream(3) watermarks: inscriptions: inscription: signed, lower left, in black chalk: ch. Jacque translation: remark: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: Year in Review: 1972 opening date: 1973-02-27T05:00:00 Year in Review: 1972. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973). title: The Graphic Art of the Barbizon School opening date: 1987-03-17T05:00:00 The Graphic Art of the Barbizon School. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 17-May 17, 1987). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS * {'description': 'CMA, The Graphic Art of the Barbizon School (Mar. 17-May 17, 1987).', 'opening_date': '1987-03-17T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'CMA, 17th and 18th Century Genre and French Drawings (May 31-Aug. 19, 1979).', 'opening_date': '1979-05-31T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'CMA, "Gallery J--Drawings" (July 29, 1975-Feb. 1976?) (is among a list of drawings in Gallery J, this list being found at the end of a list of prints that were in other galleries from July 29, 1975-Feb. 1976 for a little show called "The Vocabulary of Prints"--see exhs. file).', 'opening_date': '1975-07-29T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'CMA, The Year in Review for 1972 (Feb. 27-Mar. 18, 1973), cma Bulletin 60 (1973), p. 111 no. 188, illus. p. 83.', 'opening_date': '1973-02-27T00:00:00'} --- PROVENANCE [Seiferheld and Co.] date: footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: digital description: wall description: --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.32/1972.32_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.32/1972.32_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.32/1972.32_full.tif