id: 147878 accession number: 1974.233 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1974.233 updated: 2023-03-11 20:51:02.513000 Cottages, 1870–71. Jean-François Millet (French, 1814–1875). Pen and brown ink and graphite; sheet: 11.8 x 17.3 cm (4 5/8 x 6 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Lewis B. Williams 1974.233 title: Cottages title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: 1870–71 creation date earliest: 1870 creation date latest: 1871 current location: creditline: Gift of Mrs. Lewis B. Williams copyright: --- culture: France, 19th century technique: pen and brown ink and graphite department: Drawings collection: DR - French type: Drawing find spot: catalogue raisonne: Lugt 1460 --- CREATORS * Jean-François Millet (French, 1814–1875) - artist Son of a wealthy farmer, Jean-François Millet studied with a portrait painter from Cherbourg, Bon du Mouchel (1807-1846), himself a student of David (q.v.). Mouchel required his young apprentice to copy paintings in the museum in Cherbourg, where Millet had been sent to enter the studio of Lucien-Théophile Langlois (1803-1845), a former student of Gros (q.v.). Millet received a stipend from the city to move to Paris in 1837, enrolling in the École des Beaux-Arts in the studio of Delaroche (q.v.), where he met Couture (q.v.). Within two years he had left Delaroche, and his stipend was withdrawn. To earn a living, he executed pastels and small paintings in the style of Jean Antoine Watteau (1684-1729) and François Boucher (1703-1770). In 1839 the first painting that Millet sent to the Salon, Saint Anne Instructing the Virgin, was refused. The following year one portrait was accepted at the Salon, and Millet spent the winter in Cherbourg where he could make a living painting portraits. After his marriage to Pauline-Virginie Ono, he returned to Paris, painting various subjects but finding little success. He met Théodore Rousseau (q.v.) and Diaz de la Peña (q.v.) and was introduced to Durand-Ruel, who purchased some of his works, at that point mainly pastoral scenes and nudes. In the late 1840s Millet began to devote himself to painting peasants and rural life, subjects that automatically had political overtones in the light of the 1848 revolutions. In 1849 he settled in Barbizon, continuing his depictions of the peasantry. He achieved some financial security thanks to Alfred Sensier, who supplied him with materials and sold his paintings. At the Salon of 1850-51 Millet exhibited The Sower (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston), which received a great deal of attention. Although the conservatives accused Millet of overemphasizing the poverty of the peasants, the republican and leftist movement hailed the painting as a dignified representation of the working class. Millet claimed to be interested solely in the biblical allusions of his subject, yet he seemed to persist in painting the poorest peasants at the worst tasks. The final ten years of his life were successful ones. A retrospective of his work at the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1867 solidified his reputation, and the following year he received the Legion of Honor. His work was influential for generations of artists. --- measurements: Sheet: 11.8 x 17.3 cm (4 5/8 x 6 13/16 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: description: beige(1) modern laid paper watermarks: inscriptions: inscription: verso, lower right, in graphite: 5186 translation: remark: inscription: lower right, in graphite?: [illegible, partially erased] translation: remark: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: Year in Review: 1974 opening date: 1975-03-11T04:00:00 Year in Review: 1974. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975). title: National Schools of Style opening date: 1983-06-14T04:00:00 National Schools of Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983). title: The Graphic Art of the Barbizon School opening date: 1987-03-17T05:00:00 The Graphic Art of the Barbizon School. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 17-May 17, 1987). title: French Drawings from the Collection opening date: 1994-12-13T05:00:00 French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS --- PROVENANCE Collection of the artist, sold to Hôtel Drouet upon the artist's death date: 1871-75 footnotes: citations: (Hôtel Drouot, Paris, France) date: May 10-11, 1875 footnotes: citations: Helen Electa Croxton Williams [1879-1980], Cleveland Heights, OH date: ?-1975 footnotes: citations: The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH date: February 7, 1975 footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: digital description: wall description: --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS Lee, Sherman E. "The Year in Review for 1974." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 62, no. 3 (1975) page number: p. 100 no. 84, illus. p. 80. url: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152580. --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.233/1974.233_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.233/1974.233_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.233/1974.233_full.tif