{
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"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Buddha Amit\u0101bha with Two Attending Bodhisattvas, 1200s. China, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279). Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk; painting: 134 x 79.7 cm (52 3/4 x 31 3/8 in.); overall with knobs: 224.5 x 101.5 cm (88 3/8 x 39 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1974.35",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Buddha Amit\u0101bha with Two Attending Bodhisattvas",
"creation_date": "1200s",
"creation_date_earliest": 1200,
"creation_date_latest": 1299,
"artists_tags": [],
"culture": [
"China, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)"
],
"technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Chinese Art",
"collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Painting: 134 x 79.7 cm (52 3/4 x 31 3/8 in.); Overall with knobs: 224.5 x 101.5 cm (88 3/8 x 39 15/16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"painting": {
"height": 1.34,
"height_inch": 52,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.75,
"width": 0.797,
"width_inch": 31,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.375
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"overall": {
"height": 2.23,
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"height_inch_fraction": 0.8125,
"width": 0.957,
"width_inch": 37,
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"height_inch": 88,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.375,
"width": 1.015,
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"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "\u5357\u7121\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b",
"inscription_translation": "Namo amituofo or \"Homage to the Buddha Amit\u0101bha\"",
"inscription_remark": "The sacred phrase, which practitioners repeat to secure entry into paradise, is repeated 10 times above the painting.",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"inscription": "\u6c99\u9580\u5584\u5c0e",
"inscription_translation": "Inscription and seal purportedly of Shandao (613\u2013681), Tang dynasty patriarch of the Pure Land school, on the lower left side of the painting.",
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"inscription": "\u89c0\u4e16\u97f3\u83e9\u85a9",
"inscription_translation": "Bodhisattva Guanyin (Avalokite\u015bvara)",
"inscription_remark": "Figure on the right",
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"inscription": "\u5927\u52e2\u81f3\u83e9\u85a9",
"inscription_translation": "Dashizhi Bodhisattva (Mah\u0101sth\u0101mapr\u0101pta)",
"inscription_remark": "Figure on the left",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"inscription": "\u6c38\u9686\u5143\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u65e5",
"inscription_translation": "Inscription on the lower right side of the painting: the fifteenth day of the first month of the first year of the Tang Emperor Taizong's Yonglong reign period [680/681].",
"inscription_remark": "The date on the inscription coincides with the death date of the Tang patriarch, Shandao. Such signing and dating was a fairly common practice to reinforce the authority of a work as an icon painting. No dishonest intention is to be suspected with these additions. [WKH]",
"sortorder": 5
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
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"id": 302084,
"title": "Year in Review: 1974",
"description": "Year in Review: 1974. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).",
"opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"
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{
"id": 304517,
"title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting",
"description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).",
"opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 309000,
"title": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation",
"description": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 16, 2018-January 20, 2019).",
"opening_date": "2018-07-16T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 540063,
"title": "Like a Lotus Unstained by Mud",
"description": "Like a Lotus Unstained by Mud. Hoam Museum of Art, Kyunggi-do, Korea (Republic of) (March 19-June 23, 2024) https://www.leeumhoam.org/hoam/exhibition/77.",
"opening_date": "2024-03-19T04:00:00"
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],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 29, 2003-March 15, 2004).",
"opening_date": "2003-10-29T05:00:00Z"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "(Nakanishi Bunzo, Kyoto, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?\u20131974",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1974\u2013",
"sortorder": 2
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"find_spot": null,
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"did_you_know": "Each line of calligraphy, which invokes the Buddha's name, emerges from a lotus blossom.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "The supreme deities that rule over the Western Paradise\u2014Amit\u0101bha (\u963f\u5f4c\u9640 in Chinese), Avalokite\u015bvara (Guanyin \u89c0\u97f3), and Mah\u0101sth\u0101mapr\u0101pta (Dashizhi \u5927\u52e2\u81f3)\u2014are here enclosed within a circle of light. To secure entry into that paradise for Buddhist followers of the Pure Land sect, one must recite the phrase namo amituofo (\u5357\u7121\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b, Homage to the Buddha Amit\u0101bha). Here the phrase is repeated 10 times in calligraphy above the figures, reinforcing the need for continual recitation.",
"external_resources": {
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"internet_archive": [
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"citations": [
{
"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 48, pp. 63-65",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Shin, Junhyoung Michael. \u201cThe Face-to-Face Advent of the Amit\u0101bha Triad: A Fifteenth-Century Welcoming Descent.\u201d Cleveland Studies in the History of Art, vol. 6, 2001, pp. 28\u201347.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 8, p. 40",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079712"
}
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"updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:35:54.790000"
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