{
"data": {
"id": 149096,
"accession_number": "1977.3",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Stag Lying Down, c. 1875\u201385. Rosa Bonheur (French, 1822\u20131899). Watercolor and gouache over graphite on cream wove paper; sheet: 28 x 38.1 cm (11 x 15 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, James Parmelee Fund, 1977.3",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Stag Lying Down",
"creation_date": "c. 1875\u201385",
"creation_date_earliest": 1870,
"creation_date_latest": 1890,
"artists_tags": [
"female"
],
"culture": [
"France, 19th century"
],
"technique": "watercolor and gouache over graphite on cream wove paper",
"support_materials": [
{
"description": "cream(3) wove paper",
"watermarks": []
}
],
"department": "Drawings",
"collection": "DR - French",
"type": "Drawing",
"measurements": "Sheet: 28 x 38.1 cm (11 x 15 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"sheet": {
"height": 0.28,
"height_inch": 11,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.0,
"width": 0.381,
"width_inch": 15,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.0
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "stamped, in black ink, at lower right: artist's estate stamp [Lugt 274]",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 302666,
"title": "Year in Review: 1977",
"description": "Year in Review: 1977. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1977-January 22, 1978).",
"opening_date": "1977-12-28T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311635,
"title": "French Drawings from the Collection",
"description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).",
"opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 324628,
"title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"description": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).",
"opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Non-Dissenters: Fifth Exhibition. Shepherd Gallery, New York (November 1\u2013December 31, 1976).",
"opening_date": "1976-12-31T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "studio of the artist [1822-1899]",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "c. 1860-1899",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "(her sale, Paris, Galerie Georges Petit, June 5-8, 1900, no. 934)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1900",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "(Gerald Norman Gallery, London, sold to Shepherd Gallery, New York)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "(Shepherd Gallery, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?-1977",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1977-",
"sortorder": 5
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Bonheur constructed a park to house a stag named Jacques, whom she kept as a pet and model.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "This drawing was among many representing stags that were discovered in Rosa Bonheur\u2019s studio after her death. One of the few women of her time who was given the support needed for an artistic career, Bonheur became famous during her lifetime for naturalistic portrayals of animals. Daily carriage rides through the forest around her home enabled her to sketch from nature. One such outing inspired Cleveland\u2019s drawing: Bonheur\u2019s companion recalled \u201ca stag . . . with the sun playing on him through the leaves . . . [who] remained perfectly still.\u201d Watercolor was ideal for such improvisatory studies, allowing Bonheur to work outdoors alongside the subjects she treasured.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79929939"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.3-stag-lying-down"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Roger-Mil\u00e8s, M. L[\u00e9on]. Atelier Rosa Bonheur. Paris: Georges Petit, 1900.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, p. 11, no. 934",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Stanton, Theodore. Reminiscences of Rosa Bonheur. New York: Hacker, 1976.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 299",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Non-Dissenters: Fifth Exhibition. Exh. cat. New York: Shepherd Gallery, 1976.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 16",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Klumpke, Anna. Rosa Bonheur: The Artist\u2019s (Auto)biography. Translated by Gretchen van Slyke. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 280",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 120-121, no.19",
"url": ""
}
],
"catalogue_raisonne": "Roger-Mil\u00e9s 934",
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.3",
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"date_created": "2007-04-09T18:19:29",
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"creditline": "James Parmelee Fund",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
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"gallery_donor_text": null,
"athena_id": 149096,
"creators": [
{
"id": 1557,
"description": "Rosa Bonheur (French, 1822\u20131899)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": null,
"role": "artist",
"biography": "The eldest of four children, Rosa Bonheur received drawing lessons in the studio of her father, Raymond Bonheur (1796-1849). From early on she pre-ferred to draw animals and went to the Jardin des Plantes in Paris to study and draw them. She first exhibited at the Salon of 1841. The family moved to the suburbs where Bonheur had an even more easy access to animals, and she visited slaughterhouses in order to study their anatomy. Her Salon submissions became increasingly successful, but her first major breakthrough occurred with Plowing in the Nivernais (Salon 1849, Mus\u00e9e National du Ch\u00e2teau, Fontainebleau). Based on Sand's rustic novel La mare au Diable (1846), the work represents a heroic depiction of rural life that Bonheur had elevated to the standards of a history painting. Her international reputation was established with The Horse Fair (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), presented at the Salon of 1853. She celebrated her final triumph at the 1855 Salon with Haymaking in the Auvergne (R. W. Norton Art Gallery, Shreveport, La.), after which she increasingly withdrew from public life. She mostly worked on her many commissions and shared her life with Nathalie Micas. The couple traveled extensively, and in 1859 Bonheur bought the Ch\u00e2teau de By in Thomery near Fontainebleau, where they lived in relative solitude. Bonheur had also little contact with the nearby group of Barbizon painters. The widespread appreciation for her work did not diminish, however, and in 1865 Empress Eug\u00e9nie visited her studio in order to award her a knighthood in the Legion of Honor, making her the first woman to carry that title. Nathalie Micas died in 1889, to Bonheur's great distress, but she soon befriended the American painter Anna Klumpke (1856-1942), with whom she would eventually live and who became her biographer. Even though Bonheur was appreciated in France, her principal collectors were in England and the United States. According to Albert Wolff, she was \"one of the three most highly priced French painters in America . . . the other two [were] Jules Breton [q.v.] and Meissonier [q.v.]\"1 Bonheur was one of the foremost animaliers, or animal painters, of her time and was also active as a sculptor. Her painting style changed little throughout her career, and her work found little esteem with more pro-gressive artists and critics. However, her unorthodox life as an independent and successful woman in a male-dominated society has recently generated great interest, especially among feminist art historians.\r\n1. Le Figaro (11 July 1890), 1.",
"name_in_original_language": null,
"birth_year": "1822",
"death_year": "1899",
"use_in_caption": true,
"include_extent": false,
"weight": 1
}
],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1977-02-23T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": 1870,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "c. 1875\u201385",
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"record_type": "object",
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"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [
"Recumbent Stag"
],
"is_highlight": false,
"updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:39:50.248000"
}
}