id: 149112 accession number: 1977.43 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.43 updated: 2024-03-26 01:59:41.433000 Church Street El, 1920. Charles Sheeler (American, 1883–1965). Oil on canvas; framed: 60 x 67.5 x 6 cm (23 5/8 x 26 9/16 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 41 x 48.5 cm (16 1/8 x 19 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund 1977.43 title: Church Street El title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: 1920 creation date earliest: 1920 creation date latest: 1920 current location: 226A American Modern creditline: Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund copyright: --- culture: America, 20th century technique: oil on canvas department: American Painting and Sculpture collection: American - Painting type: Painting find spot: catalogue raisonne: --- CREATORS * Charles Sheeler (American, 1883–1965) - artist Charles Sheeler American, 1883-1965 Philadelphia-born Charles Sheeler was a well-known precisionist painter and photographer. After studying at the School of Industrial Art in Philadelphia (1900-3), he spent the next three years as a student of painter William Merritt Chase at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Around 1910 he took up photography as a way to support himself. Sheeler began as an architectural photographer, documenting buildings for Philadelphia architects, but was soon taking pictures of paintings and other works of art. He continued to paint (in 1913 a group of his works were exhibited in the famous Armory Show in New York) and to photograph, often using his photographs as the basis for paintings. In 1917 his photographs were included in a three-person show along with Paul Strand and Morton Schamberg at Marius de Zayas's Modern Gallery in New York. Two years later Sheeler moved to New York and in 1920 collaborated with Paul Strand on the avant-garde film Manhatta (originally titled New York the Magnificent). In 1923 he began working as a staff photographer for Condé Nast publications. Four years later he received his most important commercial commission when Ford Motor Company hired him to photograph its River Rouge plant. A powerful series of images celebrating American industry resulted and were widely published. They also served as an inspiration for a number of his paintings. In 1939 a small group of Sheeler's photographs were included in a retrospective of his work organized by the Museum of Modern Art, New York. Over the next decade he worked as staff photographer for the Metropolitan Museum of Art and focused primarily on painting in his own work, especially during the late 1940s and 1950s. In 1959, after suffering a stroke, Sheeler stopped painting and photographing; he died six years later from a second stroke. M.M. --- measurements: Framed: 60 x 67.5 x 6 cm (23 5/8 x 26 9/16 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 41 x 48.5 cm (16 1/8 x 19 1/8 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: inscriptions: inscription: Signed lower right: "Sheeler 1920" translation: remark: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: Year in Review: 1977 opening date: 1977-12-28T05:00:00 Year in Review: 1977. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1977-January 22, 1978). title: American Realism, 1920 - 1940 opening date: 1980-11-09T05:00:00 American Realism, 1920 - 1940. Academy of Fine Arts, Berlin, Berlin 1000, Germany (organizer) (November 9-December 28, 1980). title: The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art opening date: 1989-01-24T05:00:00 The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 24-April 9, 1989). title: Mad for Modernism: Earl Horter and His Collection opening date: 1999-03-07T00:00:00 Mad for Modernism: Earl Horter and His Collection. Philadelphia Museum of Art (organizer) (March 7-May 16, 1999). title: Der kühle Blick opening date: 2001-06-01T00:00:00 Der kühle Blick. Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung, Munich, Germany (organizer) (June 1-September 2, 2001). title: Charles Sheeler: Mediums and Messages opening date: 2006-05-07T00:00:00 Charles Sheeler: Mediums and Messages. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (May 7-September 4, 2006); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (October 15, 2006-January 7, 2007); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (February 10-May 6, 2007). title: Youth and Beauty: Art of the American Twenties opening date: 2011-10-28T00:00:00 Youth and Beauty: Art of the American Twenties. The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (organizer) (October 28, 2011-January 22, 2012); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (February 24-May 27, 2012); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 1-September 16, 2012). title: The Cult of the Machine: Precision in American Art opening date: 2018-03-24T04:00:00 The Cult of the Machine: Precision in American Art. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (March 24-August 12, 2018); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (September 16, 2018-January 6, 2019). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS * {'description': 'New York, Whitney Studio Galleries, Exhibition of Selected Works by Charles Sheeler (1 March-31 March 1924).', 'opening_date': '1924-03-01T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art, The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art (24 January-9 April 1989)', 'opening_date': '1989-01-24T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'Philadelphia, The Philadelphia Museum of Art, Mad for Modernism: Earl Horter and His Collection, (7 March-16 May 1999), plate 78, p. 122, also included two footnotes concerning Sheeler and his relationship to Horter (p. 61), and pp. 173, 180-181, 184.', 'opening_date': '1999-03-07T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, The American Century: Art & Culture 1900-1950 (23 April-22 August 1999), cat. no. 273, illus. p. 148.', 'opening_date': '1999-04-23T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'Munich, Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung, Der kühle Blick: Realismus der Zwanzigerjahre in Europa und Amerika (1 June-2 September 2001), illus. p. 311.', 'opening_date': '2001-06-01T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'National Gallery of Art (5/7/2006-9/4/2006), Art Institute of Chicago (10/15/2006-1/7/2007), Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, MH de Young Museum (2/10/2007-5/6/2007): "Charles Sheeler: Mediums and Messages"', 'opening_date': '2006-05-07T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'Brooklyn Museum of Art (10/28/2011 - 1/22/2012), Dallas Museum of Art (2/24/2012 - 5/27/2012), and Cleveland Museum of Art (7/1/2012 - 9/16/2012): "Youth and Beauty: Art of the American Twenties", Fig. 105, p. 143.', 'opening_date': '2011-10-28T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'The Collection of Earl Horter. Pennsylvania Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (February 17-1-March 13, 1934).', 'opening_date': '1934-03-13T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'Modern Paintings from the Collection of Mr. Earl Horter of Philadelphia. The Arts Club of Chicago, Chicago, IL (April 3 - April 26, 1934); no. 57', 'opening_date': '1934-04-03T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'Charles Sheeler: Paintings, Drawings, Photographs. Museum of Modern Art. New York, NY (1939), no. 11, listed p. 46.', 'opening_date': '1939-01-01T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'Charles Sheeler. National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (October 10-November 24 ,1968); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (January 10-February 16, 1969); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (March 11-April 27,1969); no. 24, illus. p. 39,', 'opening_date': '1969-01-10T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'mentioned briefly in essays by both Martin Friedman ("The Art of Charles Sheeler: Americana in a Vacuum") p. 40, and Bartlett Hayes ("Reminiscence") p. 70.', 'opening_date': None} * {'description': 'Berlin, Academy of Fine Arts, America: Traum und Depression 1920-1940, (1980), pp. 109-137, illus. p. 89, pl. 8, cat. no. 292.', 'opening_date': '1980-01-01T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'San Francisco, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Images of America: Precisionist Painting and Modern Photography, (9 September-7 November 1982); traveled to Saint Louis, The Saint Louis Art Museum (6 December 1982-30 January 1983); Baltimore, The Baltimore Museum of Art (28 February-25 April 1983); Des Moines, Des Moines Art Center (23 May-17 July 1983); Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (15 August-9 October 1983), no. 92, plate 18 (also reproduced on cover),', 'opening_date': '1982-09-09T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'included essay by Karen Tsujimoto entitled "Charles Sheeler: Precisionist Painter and Modern Photographer," (pp. 73-85, 172-173) which discusses the CMA painting.', 'opening_date': None} * {'description': 'Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Charles Sheeler: Paintings and Drawings, (13 October 1987- 3 January 1988); traveled to New York, Whitney Museum of American Art (28 January-17 April 1988); Dallas, Dallas Museum of Art (15 May-10 July 1988), no. 16, p. 80,', 'opening_date': '1988-01-28T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'also included parts from essay by Carol Troyen and Erica E. Hirshler, "From the Eyes Inward: Paintings and Drawings by Charles Sheeler," (pp. 9-11, 36-37), which point out the fact that the CMA painting was derived from Manhatta.', 'opening_date': None} --- PROVENANCE The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio date: 1977- footnotes: citations: (Robert Schoelkopf Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art) date: -1977 footnotes: citations: (Harold Diamond, New York, NY) 1 date: ? footnotes: *
1 According to Andy Schoelkopf, Harold Diamond acquired the painting from Mrs. Horter, but because Diamond had little experience in selling Sheeler's works, he consigned the painting to Robert Schoelkopf to sell.  Diamond most likely never  owned the painting. Schoelkopf sold the painting rather quickly after a visit from Sherman Lee, who happened to see the painting soon after it was received from Diamond. 
citations: Elizabeth Lentz Horter [1900-1985], South Langhorne, PA date: Probably 1940-at least 1969 footnotes: citations: Earl Horter [1880-1940], Philadelphia, PA 1 date: By 1930-probably 1940 footnotes: *
1Horter's ownership of this painting by 1934 is confirmed by an exhibition of his collection at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in that year.
citations: --- fun fact: digital description: wall description: --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS Robert Schoelkopf Gallery, expect notice, April 27, 1977, in CMA curatorial file. page number: url: Andy Schoelkopf, telephone conversation with Victoria Sears Goldman, April 16, 2013. page number: url: Shoemaker, Innis H., Christa Clarke, and William S. Wierzbowski. Mad for Modernism: Earl Horter and His Collection. 1999. page number: url: "Above the Turmoil of New York, a Painting by Charles Sheeler-Photograph." Vanity Fair 16, no. 2 (April 1921). page number: Reproduced: p. 47 url: "Manhattan: The Proud and Passionate City- Photographs." Vanity Fair 18, no. 2 (April 1922). page number: Reproduced: p. 51 url: Watson, Forbes. "Charles Sheeler." The Arts 3, no. 5 (May 1923). page number: Reproduced: p. 344 url: Rourke, Constance. Charles Sheeler: Artist in the American Tradition. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1938. page number: Mentioned: p. 89, 91, 94, 96, 106, 147, 180, 187; Reproduced: p. 53 url: Devree, Howard. "Exhibition Reviews: Sheeler Complete." Magazine of Art 32, no. 11 (November 1939). page number: Mentioned: p. 644-645; Reproduced: p. 645 url: Brown, Milton W. "Cubist-Realism: An American Style." Marsyas 3 (1943-1945). page number: Mentioned: p. 150; Reproduced: no. 5 url: Seeley, Carol. "On the Nature of Abstract Painting in America." Magazine of Art 43, no. 5 (May 1950). page number: Reproduced: p. 167 url: Hayes, Jr., Bartlett H. "An Appreciation." In Charles Sheeler: A Retrospective Exhibition. Los Angeles: The Galleries, 1954. page number: Mentioned: p. 9 url: Wight, Frederick S. "Charles Sheeler." In Charles Sheeler: A Retrospective Exhibition. Los Angeles: The Galleries, 1954. page number: Mentioned: p. 25, 27, 36 url: Wight, Frederick S. "Charles Sheeler." Art in America 42, no. 3 (October 1954). page number: Mentioned: p. 195 url: Brown, Milton. American Painting From the Armory Show to the Depression. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1955. page number: Mentioned: p. 118; Reproduced: p. 120 url: Chanin, A.L. "Sheeler: Purist Brush and Camera Eye." ARTnews 54, no. 4 (June 1955). page number: Mentioned: p. 71-72 url: Wight, Frederick S. "Charles Sheeler." In New Art in America: Fifty Painters of the 20th Century, edited by John I. H. Baur. New York: A. Praeger Publishers, 1957. page number: Reproduced: p. 97 url: Cohen, George Michael. "Charles Sheeler." American Artist 23, no. 1 (January 1959). page number: Mentioned: p. 34 ; Reproduced: p. 35 url: Craven, George M. "Sheeler at Seventy-Five." College Art Journal 18, no. 2 (Winter 1959). page number: Reproduced: p. 137; Mentioned: p. 138 url: Larkin, Oliver W. Art and Life in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960. page number: Mentioned: p. 389; Reproduced: p. 387 url: Raoul, Rosine. "Letter From New York: The Armory Show and its Decade." Apollo (April 1963). page number: Mentioned: p. 335; Reproduced: p. 334, no. 3 url: Baur, John I. H. Revolution and Tradition in Modern American Art. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966. page number: Reproduced: no. 73 url: The National Collection of Fine Arts. Charles Sheeler. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution Press, 1968. page number: Mentioned: p. 15, 155; Reproduced: p. 39, no. 24 url: Friedman, Martin. "The Art of Charles Sheeler: Americana in a Vacuum." In Charles Sheeler. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution Press, 1968. page number: Mentioned: p. 40 url: Hayes, Bartlett. "Reminiscence." In Charles Sheeler. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution Press, 1968. page number: Mentioned: p. 70 url: Davidson, Abraham A. "Charles Sheeler: Paintings and Photographs at the Whitney." Arts Magazine 43, no. 5 (March 1969). page number: Mentioned: p. 40 url: Jaffe, Irma B. "The Forming of the Avant-Garde, 1900-30. " In The Genius of American Painting, edited by John Wilmerding. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1973. page number: Mentioned: p. 238, Reproduced: p. 239 url: Davidson, Abraham A. The Story of American Painting. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1974. page number: Reproduced: p. 132, no. 119; Mentioned: p. 132, 133 url: Friedman, Martin. Charles Sheeler. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1975. page number: Mentioned: p. 36; Reproduced: p. 56 url: Heller, Nancy, and Julia Williams. "Charles Sheeler: American Industry as Landscape." American Artist 40, no. 402 (January 1976). page number: Mentioned p. 62 url: Driscoll, John Paul. "Books in Review: Martin Friedman, Charles Sheeler." Art Journal 36, no. 1 (Fall 1976). page number: url: Arnason, H.H. History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1977. page number: Mentioned: p. 428; Reproduced: p. 428, no. 689 url: Lee, Sherman E. "The Year in Review." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 65, no. 1 (January 1978). page number: Mentioned: p. 4 url: Midwest Art History Society Newsletter, October, 1978. page number: Reproduced: no. 5 url: Schulz, Bernhard. "Made in America: Tecnik und Dingwelt in Prazisionismus." In Amerika Traum und Depression 1920/40. Berlin: Die Gesellschaft, 1980. page number: Reproduced: p. 89; Mentioned: p. 116, 534 url: Fillen-Yeh, Susan. "Charles Sheeler: Industry, Fashion, and the Vanguard." Arts Magazine 54, no. 6 (February 1980). page number: Reproduced: p. 157, no. 13; Mentioned: p. 157 url: Fillin-Yeh, Susan. "Charles Sheeler and the Machine Age." PhD diss., The City University of New York, 1981. page number: Mentioned: p. xiv, 152 note 58, 153, 206, 210-211, 249 note 18; Reproduced: p. 332, no. 80 url: Stewart, Patrick Leonard. "Charles Sheeler, William Carlos Williams, and the Development of the Precisionist Aesthetic, 1917-1931." PhD diss., University of Delaware, 1981. page number: Mentioned: p. 33; Reproduced: p. 190, no. 8 url: Tsujimoto, Karen. Images of Precisionist Painting: America and Modern Photography. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1982. page number: Mentioned: p. 74, 79, 80; Reproduced: no. 18 url: Menton, Seymour. Magic Realism Rediscovered, 1918-1981. Philadelphia: Art Alliance Press, 1982. page number: Mentioned: p. 78-79 url: Albright, Thomas. "Precisionism's Ambivalent Modernism." ARTnews 82, no. 1 (January 1983). page number: Mentioned p. 88; Reproduced: p. 87 url: Ricciotti, Dominic. "The Revolution in Urban Transport: Max Weber and Italian Futurism." The American Art Journal 16 (Winter 1984). page number: Mentioned: p. 61; Reproduced: 61, no. 13 url: Haskell, Barbara. Ralston Crawford. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1985. page number: Mentioned: p. 14; Reproduced: p. 15, no. 4 url: Maroney, Jr., James H. The Elite and Popular Appeal of the Art of Charles Sheeler. New York: James Maroney, Inc., 1986. page number: Mentioned: p. 11 url: Wilson, Richard Guy, Dianne H. Pilgrim, and Dickran Tashjian. The Machine Age in America 1918-1941. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1986. page number: Mentioned: p. 219; Reproduced: p. 219 url: Wheat, Ellen Harkins. Jacob Lawrence: American Painter. Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 1986. page number: Reproduced: p. 45, no. 24 url: Schleier, Merrill. The Skyscraper in American Art, 1890-1931. New York: Da Capo Press, 1986. page number: Mentioned: p. 80 url: Tichi, Cecelia. Shifting Gears: Technology, Literature, Culture in Modernist America. Charlotte: The University of North Carolina Press, 1987. page number: Reproduced: p. 253 url: Stern, Robert A.M., Gregory Gilmart, and Thomas Messins. New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1987. page number: Reproduced: p. 53 url: Baker, John. Henry Lee McFee and Formalist Realism in American Still Life 1923-1936. Cranbury: Associated University Presses, 1987. page number: Mentioned: p. 99; Reproduced: p. 99, no. 126 url: Hammer, Martin. "Exhibition Reviews: New York, Whitney Museum, Charles Sheeler." The Burlington Magazine 130, no. 1019 (Feb 1988). page number: Mentioned: p. 164; Reproduced: p. 164, no. 107 url: Lubowsky, Susan. George Ault. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1988. page number: Mentioned: p. 14; Reproduced: p. 14, no. 9 url: Ricciotti, Dominic. "City Railways/Modernist Visions." In The Railroad in American Art: Representations of Technological Change. Japan: Toppan Printing Company, 1988. page number: Mentioned: p. 139-140, 143; Reproduced: p. 139, no. 106 url: Fillin- Yeh, Susan. "Charles Sheeler's Rolling Power." In The Railroad in American Art: Representations of Technological Change, edited by Susan Danly and Leo Marx. Japan: Toppan Printing Company, 1988. page number: Mentioned: p. 158 url: Henry, Steven P. "Exhibition: Charles Sheeler: Prints, Drawings, Photographs." Dallas Museum of Art Bulletin (Spring/Summer 1988). page number: Mentioned: p. 17; Reproduced: p. 16 url: Lynton, Norbert. The Story of Modern Art. Oxford: Phaidon, 1989. page number: Mentioned: p. 162-163; Reproduced: p. 164 url: Lucie-Smith, Edward. Art Deco Painting. Oxford: Phaidon, 1990. page number: Reproduced: p. 21, no. 11 url: Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991. page number: Reproduced: p. 146 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991 Hinson, Tom E. Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991. page number: Mentioned: p. 38; Reproduced: p. 37 url: Lucic, Karen. Charles Sheeler and the Cult of the Machine. London: Reaktion Books, 1991. page number: Mentioned: p. 59-71; Reproduced: no. 33 url: Harnsberger, R. Scott, and David L. Henderson. Ten Precisionist Artists: Annotated Bibliographies. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1992. page number: Mentioned: p. 250, note 1080 url: Chong, Alan. European and American Painting in The Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue, Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993. page number: Reproduced: p. 222 url: Schmied, Wieland. "Precisionsit View and American Scene: The 1920s." In American Art in the 20th Century: Painting and Sculpture 1913-1993, edited by Christos M. Joachimides and Norman Rosenthal. New York: Prestel, 1993. page number: Mentioned: 471; Reproduced: p. 55, no. 8 url: Benke, Britta. Georgia O'Keeffe 1887-1986: Blumen in der Wüste Köln: Benedikt Taschen Verlag, 1994. page number: Mentioned: p. 52; Reproduced: p. 52 url: Stavitsky, Gail. "Reordering Reality: Precisionist Directions in American Art, 1915-1941." In Precisionism in America 1915-1941: Reordering Reality. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1994. page number: Mentioned: p. 33, 35; Reproduced: p. 17, no. 5 url: Handy, Ellen. "The Idea and the Fact: Painting, Photography, Film, Precisionists, and the Real World." In Precisionism in America 1915-1941: Reordering Reality. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1994. page number: Mentioned: p. 42-45 url: Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. A World History of Art. 4th ed. London: Laurence King Publishing, 1995. page number: Mentioned: p. 751; Reproduced: p. 752 url: Turner, Evan H. Foreward to Catalogue of Photography, Tom E. Hinson. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996. page number: Mentioned: p. XI url: Hughes, Robert. American Visions: The Epic History of Art in America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1997. page number: Mentioned: p. 383; Reproduced: p. 384, no. 228 url: Arnason, H.H., and Marla F. Prather. History of Modern Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1998. page number: Mentioned: p. 419; Reproduced: p. 411, no. 216 url: Shoemaker, Innis Howe, Christa Clarke, and William Wierzbowski. Mad for Modernism: Earl Horter and His Collection. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1999. page number: Mentioned: p. 36, 173, 184; Reproduced: p. 122, no. 78 url: Haskell, Barbara. The American Century: Art & Culture 1900-1950. New York: Whitney Museum of Art, 1999. page number: url: Brettell, Richard R. Modern Art 1851-1929: Capitalism and Representation. Oxford: Oxford Unviersity Press, 1999. page number: Reproduced: p. 43 url: May, Sally Ruth. Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001. page number: Mentioned: p. 58, 118 url: Baldacci, Paolo, Jean Clair, Hajo Duchting, Claudia Gian Ferrari, Magdalena Holzhey, Christiane Lange, Gerd Roos, and Wieland Schmied. Der kuhle Blick: Realismus der zwanziger Jahre. New York: Prestel, 2001. page number: Mentioned: p. 310; Reproduced: p. 311 url: Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. A World History of Art. 6th ed. London: Laurence King Publishing, 2002. page number: Mentioned: p. 815 url: Haas, Karen E. "Charles Sheeler and Film." Magazine Antiques. Nov 2002. page number: Mentioned: p. 122-129; Reproduced: p. 126, pl XI. url: Cameron, Dan. Living Inside the Grid. New York: New Museum of Contemporary Art, 2003. page number: Reproduced: p. 19 url: Fontbona, Francesc. El Modernisme. Barcelona: Edicions l'isard, 2003. page number: Reproduced: p. 168 url: Solans, Piedad. "Cosmolgias de la Ciudad." In La Ciudad Collage: La Coleccion del IVAM, edited by Institut Valencia d'Art Modern. Valencia: IVAM, 2004. page number: Reproduced: p. 41, no. 8 url: Charles, Brock. Charles Sheeler: Across Media. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 2006. page number: Mentioned: p. 31, 48, 50-52, 116; Reproduced: p. 60 url: Weber, Bruce. Paintings of New York, 1800-1850. San Francisco: Pomegranate, 2005. page number: Reproduced: p. 107 url: Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. A World History of Art. 7th ed. London: Laurence King Publishing, Ltd., 2005. page number: Reproduced: p. 805, fig. 20.11 url: Brock, Charles. "Charles Sheeler: Across Media." American Art Review 18, no. 3 (May-June 2006). page number: Mentioned: p. 165 url: Adams, Henry. What's American about American Art? A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008. page number: Mentioned: p. 12, 129; Reproduced: p. 12, 128 url: Miller, Angela L., Janet C. Berlo, Bryan J. Wolf, and Jennifer L. Roberts. American Encounters: Art, History and Cultural Identity. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc, 2012. page number: Reproduced: p. 14.7 url: Arnason, H.H. History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2010. page number: Mentioned: p. 376-377; Reproduced: p. 37 url: Carbone, Theresa A., ed. Youth and Beauty: Art of the American Twenties. New York: Skira Rizzolli Publications in association with the Brooklyn Museum, 2011. page number: Mentioned: p. 141-142 Reproduced: p. 143, no. 105 url: Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art; London: Scala Publishers Ltd, 2012. page number: Mentioned: p. 304; Reproduced: p. 305 url: Troyen, Carol, and Jorge Santis. "Red-Hot American Painters: The Ashcan School." In Return to the Ashcan. Fort Lauderdale: Museum of Art, 2012. page number: Reproduced: p. 26, no. 3 url: Jensen, Kirsten M. "Painting Manhatta: Modernism, Urban Planning, and New York, 1920-1940." In Industrial Sublime: Modernism and the Transformation of New York's Rivers, 1900-1940. Yonkers: Hudson River Museum in association with Empire State Editions, 2013. page number: Reproduced: p. 74, fig. 32. url: Bering, Kunibert, and Rolf Niehoff. Bildkompetenz: eine kunstdidaktische Perspektive. Oberhausen, Germany: Athena, 2013. page number: Reproduced: p. 139 url: Arnason, H. H. and Elizabeth Mansfield. History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography. Boston: Pearson, 2013. page number: Mentioned & Reproduced: pp.352-353 url: Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: P. 56 url: Hiller, Susan. "O'Keeffe as I see her, 1993." In Georgia O'Keeffe, edited by Tanya Barson. London: Tate Publishing, 2016. page number: Mentioned: p. 230 url: Maroney, Jr., James H. Fresh Perspectives on Grant Wood, Charles Sheeler, and George Durrie. Leicester, VT: Gala Books, Ltd, 2019. page number: Mentioned: p. 151-154, 170 ; Reproduced: p. 151 url: Maroney, James H. Fresh Perspectives on Grant Wood, Charles Sheeler, and George H. Durrie. Leicester, VT: Gala Books, Ltd., 2019. page number: Reproduced: p. 151 url: “Recommendations from Our Curators.” Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 61, no. 2 (Spring 2021): 31. page number: Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 31. url: --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.43/1977.43_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.43/1977.43_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.43/1977.43_full.tif