{
"data": {
"id": 149113,
"accession_number": "1977.44",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "In the Salon, c. 1880s. Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917). Monotype; sheet: 24.5 x 18.8 cm (9 5/8 x 7 3/8 in.); image: 11.9 x 16 cm (4 11/16 x 6 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1977.44",
"current_location": null,
"title": "In the Salon",
"creation_date": "c. 1880s",
"creation_date_earliest": 1880,
"creation_date_latest": 1889,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"France, 19th century"
],
"technique": "monotype",
"support_materials": [
{
"description": "cream(3) laid paper",
"watermarks": []
}
],
"department": "Prints",
"collection": "PR - Monotype",
"type": "Print",
"measurements": "Sheet: 24.5 x 18.8 cm (9 5/8 x 7 3/8 in.); Image: 11.9 x 16 cm (4 11/16 x 6 5/16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"sheet": {
"height": 0.245,
"height_inch": 9,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.625,
"width": 0.188,
"width_inch": 7,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.375
},
"image": {
"height": 0.119,
"height_inch": 4,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.6875,
"width": 0.16,
"width_inch": 6,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.3125
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "Watermark: HALLINES [with fragment of shield]",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 302666,
"title": "Year in Review: 1977",
"description": "Year in Review: 1977. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1977-January 22, 1978).",
"opening_date": "1977-12-28T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 442453,
"title": "Degas 1879",
"description": "Degas 1879. National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (August 13-September 30, 1979).",
"opening_date": "1979-08-13T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 304540,
"title": "Monotypes",
"description": "Monotypes. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 3-July 5, 1981).",
"opening_date": "1981-03-03T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 309884,
"title": "Urban Vicissitudes",
"description": "Urban Vicissitudes. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 2-September 29, 1985).",
"opening_date": "1985-07-02T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 410857,
"title": "Degas Monotypes",
"description": "Degas Monotypes. Ordrupgaard (organizer) (October 13, 1994-January 15, 1995).",
"opening_date": "1994-10-13T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 187619,
"title": "Inventive Impressions: 18th- and 19-Century French Prints",
"description": "Inventive Impressions: 18th- and 19-Century French Prints. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-October 28, 2001).",
"opening_date": "2001-08-26T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 182153,
"title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"description": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).",
"opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 200460,
"title": "Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris",
"description": "Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 14, 2012-January 20, 2013).",
"opening_date": "2012-10-04T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 203146,
"title": "Monotypes: Painterly Prints",
"description": "Monotypes: Painterly Prints. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 31-October 11, 2015).",
"opening_date": "2015-05-31T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 295882,
"title": "Innovative Impressions: Cassatt, Degas, and Pissarro as Painter-Printmakers",
"description": "Innovative Impressions: Cassatt, Degas, and Pissarro as Painter-Printmakers. Philbrook Museum of Art, Tulsa, OK (organizer) (June 9-September 9, 2018).",
"opening_date": "2018-06-09T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Degas 1879. National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh (August 13 - September 30, 1979).",
"opening_date": "1979-08-13T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Edgar Degas's series of brothel monotypes was never exhibited during his lifetime and remained in the privacy of the artist's studio until his death.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "Edgar Degas's series of monotypes depicting brothels depicted a hidden aspect of Parisian life. Degas's interest in the subject paralleled the theme of the prostitute in naturalist novels of the era by Emile Zola and Edmond and Jules de Goncourt, and echoed the then-contemporary debate about the regulation\u2014or abolition\u2014of prostitution in Paris. In this print, three women await their clients under a luminous globed chandelier. A standing figure reaches out her left arm as if to beckon an unseen visitor.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758239"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.44-in-the-salon"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Lockhart, Anne I. \u201cThree Monotypes by Edgar Degas.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 64, no. 9 (November 1977): 299\u2013306.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 300-301, fig. 2",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159549"
},
{
"citation": "Pickvance, Ronald. Degas 1879. Exh. Cat. Edinburgh: National Gallery of Scotland, 1979.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 75, no. 96",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Glaubinger, Jane. \u201cUnique Prints. The museum collection contains a wealth of monotypes, one-off prints that embody creative exploration.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 55, no. 3 (May/June 2015): 6-8.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6; Mentioned: p. 7",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-03"
},
{
"citation": "Lees, Sarah, and Richard R. Brettell. Innovative Impressions: Prints by Cassatt, Degas, and Pissarro. Tulsa, Oklahoma : Philbrook Museum of Art, 2018",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68; reproduced: p. 69, fig. 75",
"url": null
}
],
"catalogue_raisonne": "not in Janis nor Cachin",
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"creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund",
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{
"id": 1759,
"description": "Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917)",
"extent": null,
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"role": "artist",
"biography": "Son of a Parisian banker, Edgar Degas enrolled in law school in 1853 following his father's wishes. But he had already shown an interest in art and had also registered to copy at the Louvre. In 1855 he entered the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and became a student of Louis Lamothe (1822-1869), a former pupil of Ingres (q.v.). One year later Degas made the traditional journey to Italy, remaining there for three years. He visited family members in Naples and Florence and attended life classes at the Villa Medici in Rome. A visit to Normandy in 1861 may have introduced him to the racetrack. In Paris he continued to study at the Louvre, where he met Manet (q.v.) in 1862. Apart from his continuous interest in portraiture and history painting, Degas began to pay attention to subjects of modern life. Between 1865 and 1870, he exhibited at the Salon. At the time of the Franco-Prussian War, he enlisted in the artillery, but because of his poor eyesight he served (with Manet) in the infantry. After the war he traveled first to London and, in 1872-73, visited his uncle and brothers who had a cotton business in New Orleans. Degas participated in the first impressionist exhibition of 1874. He continued to exhibit with these artists until 1886 but never completely considered himself a member of the group, preferring to call himself a realist or naturalist. While many of the impressionists painted en plein air, Degas worked with models in his studio and, later in his career, from his imagination. In addition to painting, he experimented often with monotypes, engraving, pastels, sculpture, and photography. He traveled extensively-London, Naples, Spain, Morocco, and Switzerland-but continued to draw his subject matter from modern-day Paris. Other recurring themes would be the female nude and the ballet dancer. After the impressionist exhibition of 1886, Degas no longer participated in group shows. Instead he sold his works to private dealers such as Durand-Ruel and Ambroise Vollard. In the 1890s he began his own art collection, which, besides many works on paper, included paintings by such artists as Ingres, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), and van Gogh (q.v.). His own art at the time became characterized by broader strokes of paint, charcoal, and pastel and the use of more vibrant colors, partly because of problems with his vision. His failing eyesight and poor health caused him to abandon his pursuit of art during the last years of his life.",
"name_in_original_language": null,
"birth_year": "1834",
"death_year": "1917",
"use_in_caption": true,
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"weight": 1
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"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1977-05-10T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": 1880,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "c. 1880s",
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"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [],
"is_highlight": false,
"updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:40:03.069000"
}
}