{
"data": {
"id": 149378,
"accession_number": "1978.38",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Shah Jahan, c. 1656\u201361. Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606\u20131669). Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash; sheet: 22.5 x 17.1 cm (8 7/8 x 6 3/4 in.); secondary support: 27.6 x 22.4 cm (10 7/8 x 8 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1978.38",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Shah Jahan",
"creation_date": "c. 1656\u201361",
"creation_date_earliest": 1656,
"creation_date_latest": 1661,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"Netherlands"
],
"technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash",
"support_materials": [
{
"description": "light brown Japanese paper laid down on beige(1) laid paper",
"watermarks": []
}
],
"department": "Drawings",
"collection": "DR - Dutch",
"type": "Drawing",
"measurements": "Sheet: 22.5 x 17.1 cm (8 7/8 x 6 3/4 in.); Secondary Support: 27.6 x 22.4 cm (10 7/8 x 8 13/16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"sheet": {
"height": 0.225,
"height_inch": 8,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.875,
"width": 0.171,
"width_inch": 6,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.75
},
"secondary support": {
"height": 0.276,
"height_inch": 10,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.875,
"width": 0.224,
"width_inch": 8,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.8125
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "On verso of secondary support, upper center, in graphite: Portrait of; upper center, in brown ink: Portrait of Sh\u00e1h Jah\u00e1n Emperor of Hindustan [inscription in English] / Shah Jahan Padshah [inscription in Persian]; upper right, in graphite: Ouseley / written by Sir Gore Ou[seley] 1809; lower left, in graphite: 334; fragment of old mount (now removed), in blue pencil: 3[crossed out with black ink]; fragment of old mount (now removed), in gray ink: Portrait of Sh\u00e1h Jeh\u00e1n / Emperor of Hind\u00fbstan; in black ink: 5[written over 5 in graphite] Indian Prince [underlined]",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 304283,
"title": "Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions",
"description": "Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 15-December 4, 1978).",
"opening_date": "1978-09-15T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 304286,
"title": "Year in Review: 1978",
"description": "Year in Review: 1978. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).",
"opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 304414,
"title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism",
"description": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).",
"opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 309575,
"title": "Seventeenth Century Netherlandish Graphics",
"description": "Seventeenth Century Netherlandish Graphics. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 27-August 1, 1982).",
"opening_date": "1982-04-27T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 309887,
"title": "The Twain Shall Meet",
"description": "The Twain Shall Meet. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).",
"opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 361543,
"title": "Romance of the Taj Mahal",
"description": "Romance of the Taj Mahal. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY; Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (December 17-March 11, 1989); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (April 28-June 24, 1990); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (August 23-November 25, 1990).",
"opening_date": "1989-12-17T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 192019,
"title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).",
"opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 214325,
"title": "Rembrandt in America",
"description": "Rembrandt in America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 19-May 28, 2012).",
"opening_date": "2011-10-30T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 290551,
"title": "Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India",
"description": "Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (March 13-June 24, 2018).",
"opening_date": "2018-03-13T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (February 13-June 24, 2018) p. 80.",
"opening_date": "2018-02-13T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Rembrandt-Ausstellung zu Ehren Ihrer Majest\u00e4t K\u00f6nigin Wilhelmine der Niederlande, anl\u00e4sslich des Jubil\u00e4ums ihrer f\u00fcnfzigj\u00e4hrigen Regierungszeit. Katz Galerie, Basel (July 24\u2013September 30, 1948), no. 29.",
"opening_date": "1948-09-30T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Jonathan Richardson, Sr., London, 1665-1745 (Lugt 2184); his mount; his sale, Cock, London, 22 January-11 February 1747, lot 70 \"a book of Indian Drawings, 25 in number\"",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "?-1747",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Peregrine Cust, 6th Lord Brownlow, Belton House, Grantham, 1899-1978; his sale, Sotheby's, London 29 June 1926, lot 25, to Duveen",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?-1926",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "with Joseph Duveen, London",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1926",
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "Wilhelm Reinhold Valentiner, Detroit, 1880-1958; his sale, Mensing, Amsterdam, 25 October 1932, lot 12",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "c. 1926-1932",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "Robert von Hirsch, Frankfurt and Basel, 1883-1977; his sale, Sotheby's, London, 20 June 1978, lot 38; to Cleveland Museum of Art",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "c. 1932-1978",
"sortorder": 5
},
{
"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1978-",
"sortorder": 6
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "The Mughal ruler portrayed in this drawing carries a fly swatter in his left hand.",
"description": "Rembrandt\u2019s drawing portrays Shah Jahan, the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1628-58. It is one of twenty-three drawings that Rembrandt made after Indian miniatures, which he had very likely studied in an album then in Holland. By the 18th century, the album had been dismantled, and the model for this drawing now resides at the Schloss Sch\u00f6nbrunn, Vienna. Rembrandt imposed his characteristic realist tendencies on a more detailed, formal, and stylized model, bringing the shah to life with especially fine pen strokes on the face and shoes mixed with evanescent brown ink washes around the figure that introduce a dynamic interplay of light, shade, and figure. Above the shah\u2019s head, he scratched away parts of the ink and paper to create a nimbus shape that frames the profile. His meticulous technique and use of a rare and expensive Japanese paper suggest that he regarded his drawings after Mughal paintings as exceptional.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79930528"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.38-shah-jahan"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Valentiner, Wilhelm Reinhold. Die Handzeichnungen Rembrandts. New York: E. Weyhe, 1925.",
"page_number": "p. 34, no. 643",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Benesch, Otto. Rembrandt, Werk und Forschung. Wien: Gilhofer u. Ranschburg, 1934.",
"page_number": "p. 56",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Benesch, Otto, and Johannes Wilde. Rembrandt: Selected Drawings. London: Phaidon, 1947.",
"page_number": "Vol 1, p. 44, no. 229; Vol 2, plate 229",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Benesch, Otto. The Drawings of Rembrandt. [A Critical and Chronological Catalogue]. London: Phaidon Press, 1954-57.",
"page_number": "Vol 5, p. 338, no. 1193, fig. 1417",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Clark, Kenneth. Rembrandt and the Italian Renaissance. London: Murray, 1966.",
"page_number": "pp. 166-67",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Benesch, Otto, and Eva Benesch. The Drawings of Rembrandt. London: Phaidon Press, 1973.",
"page_number": "Vol 5, p. 321, no. 1193, fig. 1491",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cThe Cleveland Museum of Art Acquires Six Works from Von Hirsch Collection,\u201d August 1, 1978, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.",
"page_number": null,
"url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2569"
},
{
"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1978.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 66, no. 1 (January 1979): 3\u201348.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14; Mentioned: p. 45, no. 102",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613"
},
{
"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 14-15, 39; fig. 6",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lunsingh Scheurleer, P., \"Mogol-miniaturen door Rembrandt nagetekend.\" De Kroniek van het Rembrandthuis 32, no. 1 (1980): pp. 10-40.",
"page_number": "pp. 30-32, fig. 18",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Broos, B. P. J., \"Rembrandts Indische Miniaturen.\" Spiegel Historiael 15 (April 1980): pp. 210-18.",
"page_number": "pp. 210-11, fig. 1",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 353, fig. 54",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"
},
{
"citation": "Haverkamp Begemann, Egbert, and Carolyn Logan. Creative Copies: Interpretative Drawings from Michelangelo to Picasso. New York, NY: The Drawing Center, 1988.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 127-29, no. 34",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya. Romance of the Taj Mahal. London: Thames and Hudson, 1989.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 195-97, fig. 208.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Royalton-Kisch, Martin. Drawings by Rembrandt and His Circle in the British Museum. London: British Museum Press, 1992.",
"page_number": "p. 143",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Blankert, Albert. Rembrandt: A Genius and His Impact. Melbourne: National Gallery of Victoria, 1997.",
"page_number": "under no. 38, fig. 93a",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 68, p. 9, pp.168-169, p. 293; Reproduced: p. 169",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Filipczak, Zirka Z. \u201cRembrandt and the Body Language of Mughal Miniatures.\u201d Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek (NKJ) / Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art, vol. 58, 2007, pp. 162\u2013187.",
"page_number": "p. 168, fig. 5; p. 169; p. 170",
"url": "JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24707933."
},
{
"citation": "Robinson, William W. Rembrandt's \"Indian Drawings\" and His Later Work. New York: Drawing Institute, The Morgan Library & Museum, 2018.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 14-15, fig. 4",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Schrader, Stephanie, Catherine Ann Glynn, Yael Rice, William W. Robinson, and Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn. Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2018.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80, Plate 1",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Green, Dominic. \"The Twain Did Meet.\" Art & Antiques, (April 2018): 88-93.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92 (right)",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Robinson, William W. \"A Book of Indian Drawings, by Rembrandt, 25 in Number.\" In Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India. Stephanie Schrader, ed., 43-60. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2018.",
"page_number": "pp. 52-53Reproduced: P. 53, fig.38",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Schrader, Stephanie, ed. Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2018.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80, pl.1, and cover",
"url": null
}
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"creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund",
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