{
    "data": {
        "id": 149598,
        "accession_number": "1979.21.b",
        "share_license_status": "CC0",
        "tombstone": "The Monkeys and Bears Fight Ravana and His Demons (verso), from a Romance of Chandrabhanu and Lavanyavati of Upendra Bhanja (Indian, died 1740), late 1700s. Eastern India, Odisha. Charcoal on palm leaf; overall: 4.8 x 40.2 cm (1 7/8 x 15 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1979.21.b",
        "current_location": null,
        "title": "The Monkeys and Bears Fight Ravana and His Demons (verso), from a Romance of Chandrabhanu and Lavanyavati of Upendra Bhanja (Indian, died 1740)",
        "creation_date": "late 1700s",
        "creation_date_earliest": 1750,
        "creation_date_latest": 1799,
        "artists_tags": [],
        "culture": [
            "Eastern India, Odisha"
        ],
        "technique": "Charcoal on palm leaf",
        "support_materials": [],
        "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art",
        "collection": "Indian Art",
        "type": "Painting",
        "measurements": "Overall: 4.8 x 40.2 cm (1 7/8 x 15 13/16 in.)",
        "dimensions": {
            "overall": {
                "height": 0.048,
                "height_inch": 1,
                "height_inch_fraction": 0.875,
                "width": 0.402,
                "width_inch": 15,
                "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125
            }
        },
        "state_of_the_work": null,
        "edition_of_the_work": null,
        "copyright": null,
        "inscriptions": [
            {
                "inscription": "on both recto and verso in Oriya",
                "inscription_translation": null,
                "inscription_remark": null,
                "sortorder": null
            }
        ],
        "exhibitions": {
            "current": [],
            "legacy": []
        },
        "provenance": [
            {
                "description": "(Terence McInerney, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": "?\u20131979",
                "sortorder": 1
            },
            {
                "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": "1979\u2013",
                "sortorder": 2
            }
        ],
        "find_spot": null,
        "related_works": [],
        "former_accession_numbers": [
            "1979.21"
        ],
        "did_you_know": null,
        "early_education_description": null,
        "artlens_description": null,
        "description": "This leaf from an 18th-century romance manuscript comes from a section of the book that retells the epic battle between the demon Ravana and the god-hero Rama. The 10-headed multiarmed demon Ravana is the second figure from the right. Rama\u2019s army of monkeys and bears, wielding tree branches and clods of earth, fill the remainder of the leaf. The images were created using a stylus that incised into the palm leaf; charcoal was then rubbed over the leaf and wiped off, leaving only the incised areas in black.",
        "external_resources": {
            "wikidata": [
                "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473771"
            ],
            "internet_archive": [
                "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1979.21.b-the-monkeys-and-bear"
            ]
        },
        "citations": [
            {
                "citation": "Leach, Linda York. <em>Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.",
                "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 96",
                "url": ""
            }
        ],
        "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1979.21.b",
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                "date_created": "2013-03-15T14:24:31",
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        ],
        "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund",
        "image_credit": null,
        "sketchfab_id": null,
        "sketchfab_url": null,
        "gallery_donor_text": null,
        "athena_id": 149598,
        "creators": [],
        "legal_status": "accessioned",
        "accession_date": "1979-05-07T00:00:00",
        "sortable_date": 1750,
        "date_added_to_oa": null,
        "date_text": "late 1700s",
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        "conservation_statement": null,
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        "cover_accession_number": "1979.21",
        "is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
        "impression": null,
        "alternate_titles": [],
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        "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:42:17.580000"
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}