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"tombstone": "A Hundred Birds and the Three Friends (\u4e09\u53cb\u767e\u79bd\u5716), 1400\u20131425. Bian Wenjin (Chinese, about 1354\u20131428). Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk; painting: 153.5 x 95.4 cm (60 7/16 x 37 9/16 in.); overall with knobs: 245 x 110 cm (96 7/16 x 43 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1980.12",
"current_location": null,
"title": "A Hundred Birds and the Three Friends",
"title_in_original_language": "\u4e09\u53cb\u767e\u79bd\u5716",
"creation_date": "1400\u20131425",
"creation_date_earliest": 1400,
"creation_date_latest": 1428,
"artists_tags": [
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"culture": [
"China, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)"
],
"technique": "hanging scroll; ink and color on silk",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Chinese Art",
"collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Painting: 153.5 x 95.4 cm (60 7/16 x 37 9/16 in.); Overall with knobs: 245 x 110 cm (96 7/16 x 43 5/16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"overall with knobs": {
"height": 2.45,
"height_inch": 96,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.4375,
"width": 1.1,
"width_inch": 43,
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"painting": {
"height": 1.535,
"height_inch": 60,
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"width": 0.954,
"width_inch": 37,
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{
"inscription": "Artist's three seals: Pien yin Ching-chao; Sha-yang shih-chia; Ch'in shu ch'ing-lo.",
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"id": 304517,
"title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting",
"description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).",
"opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 304521,
"title": "Year in Review: 1980",
"description": "Year in Review: 1980. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).",
"opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 286274,
"title": "Chinese Gallery 240a Rotation \u2013 August 2016",
"description": "Chinese Gallery 240a Rotation \u2013 August 2016. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1, 2016-February 6, 2017).",
"opening_date": "2016-08-01T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 376407,
"title": "Layers of Meaning: China\u2019s Flora and Fauna in Painting and on Porcelain",
"description": "Layers of Meaning: China\u2019s Flora and Fauna in Painting and on Porcelain. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 2020-June 6, 2021).",
"opening_date": "2020-11-06T05:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": []
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "(Kozo Yabumoto \u85ea\u672c\u516c\u4e09, Amagasaki, Hy\u014dgo Prefecture, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?\u20131980",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1980\u2013",
"sortorder": 2
}
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"description": "In this hanging scroll birds rest and frolic among pines, bamboo, and flowering plum, plants known as \u201cthe three friends.\u201d Due to their endurance in winter, they symbolize perseverance and friendship in adverse times. The naturalistic depiction of the birds refers to the bird-and-flower painting tradition of the Art Academy of the Song dynasty.
The painter Bian Wenjin served at the court of the Ming dynasty Yongle Emperor (reigned 1402\u201324). This painting may have been hung in a private studio or palace hall on appropriate occasions.",
"external_resources": {
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],
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"citations": [
{
"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 121, pp. 145\u2013146",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1980.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 68, no. 6 (June 1981): 163\u2013219.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 206; Mentioned: p. 218, no. 279",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"
},
{
"citation": "Barnhart, Richard M., Mary Ann Rogers, and Richard Stanley-Baker. Painters of the Great Ming: The Imperial Court and the Zhe School. Dallas, TX: Dallas Museum of Art, 1993.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 19, p. 62",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Elliott, Jeannette Shambaugh. The Odyssey of China's Imperial Art Treasures. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2007.",
"page_number": "pp. 42\u201343",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Sung, Hou mei \u5b8b\u540e\u6963. Research on the Depiction of Tiger and Magpies [\u864e\u9d72\u5716\u7814\u7a76 = Hu que tu yan jiu]. Taipei: National Taiwan University, Institute of Art History \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240, 2015.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136, no. 5",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 231, fig. 1",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Spee, Clarissa von. \"From the SIlk Road to the Imperial Court: Chinese Textiles in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Arts of Asia 48, no. 3 (May-June 2018): 50\u201356.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55, fig. 9",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Giuffrida, Noelle. Separating Sheep from Goats: Sherman E. Lee and Chinese Art Collecting in Postwar America. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2018.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172, fig. 99",
"url": null
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