id: 150986 accession number: 1982.40 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1982.40 updated: 2024-03-26 01:59:49.974000 The Waterfall of Marmore at Terni, 1776–78. Philipp Hackert (German, 1737–1807). Pen and black ink, brush and brown wash, with white gouache and graphite; sheet: 52.2 x 39.9 cm (20 9/16 x 15 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund 1982.40 title: The Waterfall of Marmore at Terni title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: 1776–78 creation date earliest: 1776 creation date latest: 1778 current location: creditline: Dudley P. Allen Fund copyright: --- culture: Germany, 18th century technique: pen and black ink, brush and brown wash, with white gouache and graphite department: Drawings collection: DR - German type: Drawing find spot: catalogue raisonne: --- CREATORS * Philipp Hackert (German, 1737–1807) - artist After having been given a basic artistic education by his father and uncle, who were both painters, Jakob Philipp Hackert attended the drawing classes of Blaise Nicholas le Sueur (1716-1783), the director of the Berlin Academy, in 1758. With an early interest in landscape painting, Hackert began copying the works of Claude Lorrain (1600-1682) and Dutch seventeenth-century artists. He traveled in northern Germany where he received commissions for decorative cycles in Stralsund and Rügen, and in 1764 he visited Sweden. From 1765 until 1768 Hackert lived in Paris, where he met landscape and marine painter Joseph Vernet (1714-1789) and eventually invited his brother Johann Gottlieb Hackert (1744-1773), also a landscape painter, to join him. In Paris Jakob Philipp's popular paintings, gouaches, and drawings were already being reproduced in print form. In 1768 the Hackert brothers left for Rome, which would remain their main residence until 1786, although they made countless trips in search of different types of landscape. In 1770 they visited Naples, a city that, with its natural and cultural treasures, was an important destination for any traveler to Italy. In 1771 Hackert received an important commission from Catherine II of Russia to paint a series of canvases depicting Russia's sea victory over Turkey, and this truly established his reputation. One year later his brother traveled to London in order to bring commissioned paintings to British clients; he became ill, however, and died in Bath. Jakob Philipp called his other brother, Georg Hackert (1755-1805), to Rome in order for him to engrave his paintings. Hackert's work found many prominent buyers, and he turned down an offer to become court painter in Russia. In 1782 he traveled to Naples again and was introduced to King Ferdinand IV, who commissioned several works. Four years later Hackert became his court painter. In 1787 he met several times with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) during the latter's stay in Naples; Goethe recorded their meetings in his Italienische Reise (Italian Journey, 1816-17). Goethe admired his works, and it was he who eventually urged Hackert to write his autobiog-raphy, which Goethe adapted and published after Hackert's death. Political unrest caused the royal family to seek refuge in Palermo in 1798, and the arrival of French troops in Naples one year later forced Hackert to leave the city and his comfortable existence at court. After a year in Pisa, Hackert and his brother settled in Florence in 1800. Three years later Hackert bought a nearby estate in San Pietro di Careggi, where he worked and made careful studies of rocks, trees, and plants, which he regarded as the basis of his landscapes. Among a few other works Hackert wrote one short treatise on the use of varnish, Sull'uso della vernice nella pittura (1788), and one on landscape painting, Theoretisch-praktische Anleitung zum richtigen und geschmackvollen Landschafts-Zeichnen nach der Natur (n.d.). --- measurements: Sheet: 52.2 x 39.9 cm (20 9/16 x 15 11/16 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: description: cream(3) laid paper watermarks: inscriptions: inscription: on fragments of old mount, now removed, in brown ink: No. 177. 13. [crossed out] / No: 17.; in graphite: No ["o" underlined] 27.; in graphite: 116 translation: remark: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: The Year in Review for 1982 opening date: 1983-01-05T05:00:00 The Year in Review for 1982. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 6, 1983). title: National Schools of Style opening date: 1983-06-14T04:00:00 National Schools of Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983). title: The German Tradition opening date: 1993-04-27T04:00:00 The German Tradition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 27-June 27, 1993). title: Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art opening date: 2000-08-27T00:00:00 Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002). title: Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros: A Swiss Painter in Italy opening date: 2003-06-11T04:00:00 Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros: A Swiss Painter in Italy. National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland (organizer) (June 11-August 31, 2003). title: Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art opening date: 2014-03-09T00:00:00 Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS --- PROVENANCE Galerie Gerda Bassenge (Auktionskatalog Nr. 11), Berlin, 23-27 April 1968, Nr. 581 date: 1968 footnotes: citations: with Lucien Goldschmidt, New York date: ?-? footnotes: citations: with Sven H.A. Bruntjen, Woodside, CA date: ?-1982 footnotes: citations: The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH date: 1982- footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: digital description: wall description: --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS Krönig, Wolfgang. 1971. "Sepia-zeichnungen aus der Umgebung Neapels von Philipp Hackert". Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch / Hrsg. Im Auftr. Der Freunde Des Wallraf-Richartz-Museums Und Des Museums Ludwig E.V., Köln. 175-204. page number: p. 192. url: Goldfarb, Hilliard, "Defining 'Naive and Sentimental' Landscape. Schiller, Hackert, Koch, and the Romantic Experience," The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982: pp. 282-296. page number: pp. 281, 286-88 url: Wallraf-Richartz-Museum. Heroismus und Idylle: Formen der Landschaft um 1800 : bei Jacob Philipp Hackert, Joseph Anton Koch und Johann Christian Reinhart : [Ausstellung]. Koln: Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, 1984. page number: pp. 98-99 url: Nordhoff, Claudia, and Hans Reimer. Jakob Philipp Hackert, 1737-1807: Verzeichnis seiner Werke. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1994. page number: 2:54, under no. 131, 434-35, no. 1140, 438, under no. 1150 url: Chiarini, Paolo. Il paesaggio secondo natura: Jacob Philipp Hackert e la sua cerchia. Roma: Artemide, 1994. page number: p. 216, under no. 59 url: Wilcox, Timothy. Francis Towne. London: Tate Gallery Pub, 1997. page number: pp. 138-38, under no. 65 url: Weidner, Thomas, and Philipp Hackert. Jakob Philipp Hackert: Landschaftsmaler im 18. Jahrhundert. Berlin: Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaft, 1998. page number: pp. 87, 221, nos. 54, 60. url: Ducros, Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe, Jörg Zutter, and Pierre Chessex. Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros: un peintre suisse en Italie. Milan: Skira, 1998. page number: p. 44 url: Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000. page number: Mentioned: cat. no. 64, p. 10, pp.158-59, p.292-93; Reproduced: 159 url: Ducros, Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe, and Pierre Chessex. Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros: A Swiss Painter in Italy. Dublin: National Gallery of Ireland, 2003. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 37, fig. 40 url: Ducros, Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe, and Pierre Chessex. Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros: A Swiss Painter in Italy. [Dublin]: National Gallery of Ireland, 2003. page number: p. 37 url: Brilli, Attilio, Simonetta Neri, and Gabriella Tomassini. La Cascata delle Marmore: Uno scenario del Grand Tour XVII-XVIII secolo. Castello: Edimond, 2010. page number: p. 196 url: Nordhoff, Claudia, "Der grosse Weg" : Jakob Philipp Hackert als Zeichner nach der Natur. Pantheon. 58 (2000): 128-137. page number: p. 128 url: --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.40/1982.40_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.40/1982.40_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.40/1982.40_full.tif