{
"data": {
"id": 151257,
"accession_number": "1983.14",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "View of the Gulf of Pozzuoli from Solfatara, 1803. Philipp Hackert (German, 1737\u20131807). Oil on canvas; framed: 146 x 190 x 14 cm (57 1/2 x 74 13/16 x 5 1/2 in.); unframed: 119 x 166.5 cm (46 7/8 x 65 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1983.14",
"current_location": "219 19th Century European",
"title": "View of the Gulf of Pozzuoli from Solfatara",
"creation_date": "1803",
"creation_date_earliest": 1803,
"creation_date_latest": 1803,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"Germany, 19th century"
],
"technique": "oil on canvas",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture",
"collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Framed: 146 x 190 x 14 cm (57 1/2 x 74 13/16 x 5 1/2 in.); Unframed: 119 x 166.5 cm (46 7/8 x 65 9/16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"framed": {
"height": 1.46,
"width": 1.9,
"depth": 0.14
},
"unframed": {
"height": 1.19,
"width": 1.665
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "Inscribed and signed bottom edge to left of center in brown paint: Vue prise sur la Solfatare a Pozzoule, / peint par Philippe Hackert 1803.",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Berlin, K\u00f6nigliche Akademie der Bildenden K\u00fcnste. Akademie-Ausstellung (1808), no. 66, Ansicht der Solfatara zu Puzzuoli gegen das Vorgebirge Misenum, Baja, Ischia, Procida, u. s. w.",
"opening_date": null
},
{
"description": "Munich, Galerie Gr\u00fcnwald. Drei Jahrhunderte Deutsche Malerei (1982), no. 4 (repr.).",
"opening_date": "1982-01-01T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Artist\u2019s estate, by descent to Johann Christian Behrendt",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [
"After Hackert's death in 1807, a catalogue of the works of art of his estate was compiled: Catalogue des Tableaux\u2026fait par le d\u00e9funt Paysagiste Philippe Hackert.
"
],
"date": "1803-1807",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Johann Christian Behrendt [1765-1838], Berlin",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [
"Behrendt was married to the artist\u2019s sister Wilhelmina. The painting may have passed down through Behrendt\u2019s family: a Hackert painting that was sold at Christie\u2019s, Amsterdam on May 7, 2013 was inherited by Behrendt after Hackert\u2019s death, and then passed to Behrendt\u2019s descendants.
"
],
"date": "1807-",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "Sotheby's (Firm). Important Old Master Paintings. Dec. 9, 1981.",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "Until 1981",
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "(Sale, Sotheby's, London, Dec. 9, 1981 (lot 36), sold to Galerie Gr\u00fcnwald)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1981",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "(Galerie Gr\u00fcnwald, Munich, and David Carritt, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [
"According to T.S. Bathurst of David Carritt, Ltd., his firm and Galerie Gr\u00fcnwald were co-partners in the sale of the Hackert painting to CMA.
"
],
"date": "1981-1983",
"sortorder": 5
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1983-",
"sortorder": 6
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "While in Naples, the German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe took painting lessons from Philipp Hackert; their meetings were documented in Goethe's travelogue Italienische Reise (Italian Journey).",
"description": "Attracted to its dramatic vistas, volcanoes, exotic peasants, and classical ruins, landscape painters of the 1700s and 1800s flocked to the countryside around Naples. This view looks west toward the Gulf of Pozzuoli from just above the Solfatara, an area of volcanic steam vents. The ancient town of Pozzuoli, where the apostle Paul landed on his way to Rome, lies in the distance. Hackert's attention to detail and rendering of form with extreme lucidity is characteristic of German Romantic painting.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475162"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.14-view-of-the-gulf-of"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Galerie Gru\u0308nwald (Munich, Germany). Drei jahrhunderte Deutsche Malerei: 8. Oktober bis 30. November 1982. Mu\u0308nchen: Galerie Gru\u0308nwald, 1982.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "T.S. Bathurst, letter to Sherman Lee, Feb. 10, 1983, in CMA curatorial file.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). Important Old Master Paintings. Dec. 9, 1981.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). Important Old Master Paintings. Dec. 9, 1981.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lohse, Bruno. Jakob Phillipp Hackert; Leben und Anfange seiner Kunst. Emsdetten, Westf: H. & J. Lechte, 1936.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Galerie Gru\u0308nwald (Munich, Germany). Drei jahrhunderte Deutsche Malerei: 8. Oktober bis 30. November 1982. Mu\u0308nchen: Galerie Gru\u0308nwald, 1982.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lohse, Bruno. Jakob Phillipp Hackert; Leben und Anfange seiner Kunst. Emsdetten, Westf: H. & J. Lechte, 1936.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cYear in Review for 1983.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 71, no. 2 (February 1984): 38\u201379.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68, no. 17; Reproduced: Back cover",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159848"
},
{
"citation": "Kr\u00f6nig, Wolfgang. \u201cJacob Philipp Hackert: View from the Solfatara onto the Gulf of Pozzuoli.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 73, no. 1 (January 1986): 14\u201323.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 18-19, fig. 1",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159927"
},
{
"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 346-349, Vol. II, no. 121",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Curzi, Valter. Storie Dell\u2019arte : Opere E Metodi. Milano: Skira, 2023.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 94; reproduced: p. XLI, fig. 98",
"url": ""
}
],
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.14",
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"creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": "Norma and Alfred Lerner Gallery",
"athena_id": 151257,
"creators": [
{
"id": 2962,
"description": "Philipp Hackert (German, 1737\u20131807)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": null,
"role": "artist",
"biography": "After having been given a basic artistic education by his father and uncle, who were both painters, Jakob Philipp Hackert attended the drawing classes of Blaise Nicholas le Sueur (1716-1783), the director of the Berlin Academy, in 1758. With an early interest in landscape painting, Hackert began copying the works of Claude Lorrain (1600-1682) and Dutch seventeenth-century artists. He traveled in northern Germany where he received commissions for decorative cycles in Stralsund and R\u00fcgen, and in 1764 he visited Sweden. From 1765 until 1768 Hackert lived in Paris, where he met landscape and marine painter Joseph Vernet (1714-1789) and eventually invited his brother Johann Gottlieb Hackert (1744-1773), also a landscape painter, to join him. In Paris Jakob Philipp's popular paintings, gouaches, and drawings were already being reproduced in print form. In 1768 the Hackert brothers left for Rome, which would remain their main residence until 1786, although they made countless trips in search of different types of landscape. In 1770 they visited Naples, a city that, with its natural and cultural treasures, was an important destination for any traveler to Italy. In 1771 Hackert received an important commission from Catherine II of Russia to paint a series of canvases depicting Russia's sea victory over Turkey, and this truly established his reputation. One year later his brother traveled to London in order to bring commissioned paintings to British clients; he became ill, however, and died in Bath. Jakob Philipp called his other brother, Georg Hackert (1755-1805), to Rome in order for him to engrave his paintings. Hackert's work found many prominent buyers, and he turned down an offer to become court painter in Russia. In 1782 he traveled to Naples again and was introduced to King Ferdinand IV, who commissioned several works. Four years later Hackert became his court painter. In 1787 he met several times with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) during the latter's stay in Naples; Goethe recorded their meetings in his Italienische Reise (Italian Journey, 1816-17). Goethe admired his works, and it was he who eventually urged Hackert to write his autobiog-raphy, which Goethe adapted and published after Hackert's death. Political unrest caused the royal family to seek refuge in Palermo in 1798, and the arrival of French troops in Naples one year later forced Hackert to leave the city and his comfortable existence at court. After a year in Pisa, Hackert and his brother settled in Florence in 1800. Three years later Hackert bought a nearby estate in San Pietro di Careggi, where he worked and made careful studies of rocks, trees, and plants, which he regarded as the basis of his landscapes. Among a few other works Hackert wrote one short treatise on the use of varnish, Sull'uso della vernice nella pittura (1788), and one on landscape painting, Theoretisch-praktische Anleitung zum richtigen und geschmackvollen Landschafts-Zeichnen nach der Natur (n.d.).",
"name_in_original_language": null,
"birth_year": "1737",
"death_year": "1807",
"use_in_caption": true,
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"weight": 1
}
],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1983-03-07T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": 1803,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "1803",
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"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": true,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [],
"is_highlight": false,
"updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:25.710000"
}
}