{
    "data": {
        "id": 157316,
        "accession_number": "1994.17",
        "share_license_status": "Copyrighted",
        "tombstone": "Confrontation on the Bridge, 1975. Jacob Lawrence (American, 1917\u20132000). Screenprint; sheet: 49.5 x 66 cm (19 1/2 x 26 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anne Elizabeth Wilson Memorial Fund, 1994.17. \u00a9  The Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation, Seattle / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York",
        "current_location": null,
        "title": "Confrontation on the Bridge",
        "creation_date": "1975",
        "creation_date_earliest": 1975,
        "creation_date_latest": 1975,
        "artists_tags": [
            "Black American Artists",
            "male"
        ],
        "culture": [
            "America"
        ],
        "technique": "screenprint",
        "support_materials": [],
        "department": "Prints",
        "collection": "PR - Screenprint",
        "type": "Print",
        "measurements": "Sheet: 49.5 x 66 cm (19 1/2 x 26 in.)",
        "dimensions": {
            "sheet": {
                "height": 0.495,
                "width": 0.66
            },
            "mat size": {
                "height": 0.654,
                "width": 0.864
            }
        },
        "state_of_the_work": null,
        "edition_of_the_work": null,
        "copyright": "\u00a9  The Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation, Seattle / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York",
        "inscriptions": [],
        "exhibitions": {
            "current": [
                {
                    "id": 204176,
                    "title": "Our Stories: African American Prints and Drawings",
                    "description": "<i>Our Stories: African American Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 24-May 18, 2014).",
                    "opening_date": "2014-01-24T00:00:00"
                },
                {
                    "id": 453007,
                    "title": "Julie Mehretu: Portals",
                    "description": "<i>Julie Mehretu: Portals</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 13, 2022).",
                    "opening_date": "2022-07-16T04:00:00"
                }
            ],
            "legacy": []
        },
        "provenance": [],
        "find_spot": null,
        "related_works": [],
        "former_accession_numbers": [],
        "did_you_know": null,
        "description": "When Jacob Lawrence was commissioned to execute a print to celebrate the United States' bicentennial in 1976, he illustrated the March 7, 1965, march by unarmed protesters objecting to the denial of African Americans' right to vote. The march began in Selma, Alabama, but before the 600 protesters could reach the state capital in Montgomery, law enforcement officials attacked them with clubs and tear gas as they crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge; Lawrence symbolized the malicious and brutal attack by including the vicious dog at the left edge of the scene. Two days later, with court protection, Martin Luther King Jr. led now 25,000 marchers to Montgomery. Outraged by the barbarity of the civil rights struggle, the U.S. Congress passed and President Lyndon Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act later that year. Lawrence's strong colors and compact composition relay the intensity and injustice of the violence inflicted on the peaceful protesters.",
        "external_resources": {
            "wikidata": [
                "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79973418"
            ],
            "internet_archive": []
        },
        "citations": [],
        "catalogue_raisonne": "Nesbett L75-2",
        "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1994.17",
        "images": {},
        "alternate_images": [],
        "creditline": "Anne Elizabeth Wilson Memorial Fund",
        "image_credit": null,
        "sketchfab_id": null,
        "sketchfab_url": null,
        "gallery_donor_text": null,
        "athena_id": 157316,
        "creators": [
            {
                "id": 4050,
                "description": "Jacob Lawrence (American, 1917\u20132000)",
                "extent": null,
                "qualifier": null,
                "role": "artist",
                "biography": "Jacob Lawrence (born 1917) has been a prominent artist since 1941 when, at age 24, he became the first African American to have a work in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. His career, now spanning seven decades, has been devoted to documenting African-American life and history, from everyday scenes to the universal struggle for freedom, social justice, and human dignity. Moving to Harlem as a teenager in 1930, Lawrence was influenced by the artists, writers, and philosophers of the Harlem Renaissance-among them Romare Bearden, Langston Hughes, and W.E.B. DuBois-who fostered pride in African-American culture. Lawrence's subjects include the legendary abolitionist heroes Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and John Brown, and the story of the massive migration of African Americans from the rural South to the industrialized, urban North during the early decades of the 20th century. After thorough research, Lawrence chronicles the crucial events of each saga by creating a series of small paintings on paper in a modernist style of flat, brightly-colored forms.",
                "name_in_original_language": null,
                "birth_year": "1917",
                "death_year": "2000",
                "use_in_caption": true,
                "include_extent": false,
                "weight": 1
            }
        ],
        "legal_status": "accessioned",
        "accession_date": "1994-05-24T00:00:00",
        "sortable_date": 1975,
        "date_added_to_oa": null,
        "date_text": "1975",
        "collapse_artists": false,
        "on_loan": false,
        "recently_acquired": false,
        "record_type": "object",
        "conservation_statement": null,
        "has_conservation_images": false,
        "cover_accession_number": null,
        "is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
        "impression": null,
        "alternate_titles": [],
        "is_highlight": false,
        "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:48.550000"
    }
}