{
"data": {
"id": 159030,
"accession_number": "1995.236",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Arab Musicians, 1864. Ludovico Wolfgang Hart (British). Albumen print from wet collodion negative; image: 21.9 x 17.9 cm (8 5/8 x 7 1/16 in.); matted: 50.8 x 40.6 cm (20 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1995.236",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Arab Musicians",
"creation_date": "1864",
"creation_date_earliest": 1864,
"creation_date_latest": 1864,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"England, 19th century"
],
"technique": "albumen print from wet collodion negative",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Photography",
"collection": "Photography",
"type": "Photograph",
"measurements": "Image: 21.9 x 17.9 cm (8 5/8 x 7 1/16 in.); Matted: 50.8 x 40.6 cm (20 x 16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"image": {
"height": 0.219,
"height_inch": 8,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.625,
"width": 0.179,
"width_inch": 7,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.0625
},
"matted": {
"height": 0.508,
"height_inch": 20,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.0,
"width": 0.406,
"width_inch": 16,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.0
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "none",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 286506,
"title": "Cheating Death: Portrait Photography\u2019s First Half Century",
"description": "Cheating Death: Portrait Photography\u2019s First Half Century. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 22, 2016-February 5, 2017).",
"opening_date": "2016-10-22T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": []
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Fran\u00e7ois le Page, Paris",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": null,
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "Taken to catalogue and document cultural practices, both of these photographs were intended as portraits of professions or ethnographic types rather than portraits of individuals. Hart\u2019s image was part of his subscription series Universal Gallery of Peoples, which sought \u201cto reproduce through photography the national costumes that are disappearing rapidly before the advance of civilization, to preserve for people the flavor, and for artists the memory of what once was beautiful and picturesque.\u201d An unidentified photographer captured the picturesque pifferari, country musicians who wandered European cities around Christmas playing before images of the Virgin and on the streets. They were a common theme for French and Italian painters and photographers in the 1840s and 1850s.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79978009"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1995.236-arab-musicians"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Tom E Hinson. Catalogue of Photography. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: P. 193",
"url": ""
}
],
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1995.236",
"images": {
"annotation": null,
"web": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.236/1995.236_web.jpg",
"width": "727",
"height": "893",
"filesize": "497328",
"filename": "1995.236_web.jpg"
},
"print": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.236/1995.236_print.jpg",
"width": "2769",
"height": "3400",
"filesize": "5130234",
"filename": "1995.236_print.jpg"
},
"full": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.236/1995.236_full.tif",
"width": "4520",
"height": "5551",
"filesize": "75306468",
"filename": "1995.236_full.tif"
}
},
"alternate_images": [],
"creditline": "John L. Severance Fund",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": null,
"athena_id": 159030,
"creators": [
{
"id": 460,
"description": "Ludovico Wolfgang Hart (British)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": null,
"role": "artist",
"biography": "Ludovico Woolfgang Hart British, active 1860s-1870s\r\n\r\nA professional photographer and member of the Royal Engineers, by 1860 Ludovico Hart had published a photographic manual, Photography Simplified. In 1863-64 he began publishing his ambitious Galerie Universelle de Peuples, an attempt \"to reproduce through photography the national costumes that are disappearing rapidly before the advance of civilization\" and to preserve \"the beautiful and picturesque.\" Hart primarily produced ethnographic photographs of the Near East, Alsace, Baden, and the Black Forest.\r\n\tDespite his skill, Hart's works, which appear as both larger prints and stereographs, are often attributed to his collaborator, the publisher Charles Lallemand. Hart is also believed to have worked in Australia in the 1870s. T.W.F.",
"name_in_original_language": null,
"birth_year": "1836",
"death_year": "1919",
"use_in_caption": true,
"include_extent": false,
"weight": 1
}
],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1995-12-04T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": 1864,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "1864",
"collapse_artists": false,
"on_loan": false,
"recently_acquired": false,
"record_type": "object",
"conservation_statement": null,
"has_conservation_images": false,
"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [],
"is_highlight": false,
"updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:13:52.838000"
}
}