{
"data": {
"id": 160723,
"accession_number": "1998.78",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou (\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716), c. 1588. Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album of eighteen leaves; ink and color on silk; each leaf: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou",
"title_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716",
"creation_date": "c. 1588",
"creation_date_earliest": 1583,
"creation_date_latest": 1593,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"China, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644), Wanli reign (1573\u20131620)"
],
"technique": "Album of eighteen leaves; ink and color on silk",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Chinese Art",
"collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Each leaf: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"each leaf": {
"height": 0.264,
"height_inch": 10,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.375,
"width": 0.284,
"width_inch": 11,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.1875
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "\u5305\u967d\u6e56\uff1a\u81ea\u6b64\u6578\u91cc\uff0c\u6771\u51fa\u592a\u6e56\u751a\u8fd1\u3002\u5317\u81f3\u9999\u5c71\u53ef\u6578\u91cc\u3002\u904e\u6b64\u5373\u5b9c\u8208\u754c\u77e3\u3002",
"inscription_translation": "Leaf 4. (1998.78.14) Baoyang Lake: Several li from here to the east, one can exit through Lake Tai, which is quite near. Just a few li to the north is the township of Xiangshan. Having arrived there, one will cross over the border to the city of Yixing.",
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "\u5442\u5c71\u6ed9\uff1a\u84cb\u5442\u8499\u66fe\u5c4b\u6b64\u800c\u4e91\u7136\u3002\u4ea6\u5f01\u5c71\u9918\u6d3e\u4e5f\uff0c\u5165\u90e1\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7531\u6b64\u3002",
"inscription_translation": "Leaf 7. L\u00fcshan Hui: Its name stems from L\u00fc Meng [AD 178\u2013219], who camped there. It is a place in the Bian Mountain range. To go to the capital city of the prefecture [Wuxing], one must follow through here.",
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "\u9053\u5834\u5c71\uff1a\u90e1\u57ce\u5357\u53bb\uff0c\u53ef\u4e94\u516d\u91cc\uff0c\u70ba\u4f0f\u864e\u79aa\u5e2b\u9053\u5834\u3002\u4e0a\u6709\u4f0f\u864e\u4ead\u3001\u671b\u6e56\u4ead\u3002\u5357\u53ef\u898b\u6b66\u6797\u8af8\u5c71\u3002\u5317\u76e1\u9707\u6fa4\u7fa4\u5cef\u4e4b\u52dd\u3002\u4fef\u7aba\u57ce\u90ed\u6a13\u81fa\uff0c\u4f73\u9e97\u5982\u756b\u3002",
"inscription_translation": "Leaf 11. (1998.78.13) Mt. Daochang: From the prefectural city toward the south, about 5, 6 li, there is the spiritual abode of the Chan Master Fuhu [master who tamed tigers, or Zhifeng \u5fd7\u9022, 909\u2013985]. Up above [on the hill] are the Fuhu and Wanghu Pavilions. Looking toward the south, one can see the mountains in Hangzhou. Looking toward the north, one can see all the way to the Lake Tai and also its hilly islands. Looking down, the city walls are laid before us, with towers and terraces, as splendid as in a painting.",
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "\u78a7\u5dd6\u5c71\uff1a\u5c71\u591a\u53e4\u6728\uff0c\u5bfa\u85cf\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u4eca\u70ba\u4eba\u4fb5\u4f10\u6b86\u76e1\uff0c\u9042\u6210\u8352\u5ee2\uff0c\u904a\u8005\u9bae\u77e3\u3002\u7136\u5dba\u5d16\u98db\u7011\uff0c\u4e0d\u6e1b\u6e05\u81f4\u3002",
"inscription_translation": "Leaf 16. (1998.78.4) Mt. Biyan: This mountain used to have a primeval forest, with a temple hidden within it. Now, those primeval forests have been wantonly and completely cut down. Consequently, with its devastated look, few travelers are coming. Still, with its peaks, cliffs, and waterfall, there is no lack of scenic beauty.",
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 4-July 23, 2003).",
"opening_date": "2003-03-04T05:00:00Z"
},
{
"description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 23-October 27, 2003).",
"opening_date": "2003-07-23T04:00:00Z"
},
{
"description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 27, 2003-March 10, 2004).",
"opening_date": "2003-10-27T05:00:00Z"
},
{
"description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 10-April 7, 2004).",
"opening_date": "2004-03-10T05:00:00Z"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?-1998",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1998-",
"sortorder": 2
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Song Xu favored a painting style that was technically polished and focused attention on specific, realistic details.",
"description": "By the 1500s, visits to historic and scenic sites in the lower Yangzi delta stimulated an increase of printed illustrated travel books. Topographical depictions of local scenery flourished.
Leaves from this album illustrates sites around Lake Tai of the two adjacent counties Changxing and Wuxing (modern Huzhou). Song Xu, who lived intermittently in Jiaxing and Songjiang, must have passed through Wuxing by boat and thus knew the region.
The paintings are inscribed with gazetteerlike notations, suggesting that the album was produced for clients as commemorative works, a travel guide, or for \u201carmchair travel\u201d (woyou) in one\u2019s mind.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477646"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78-eighteen-views-of-hu"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 287\u2013295",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "von Spee, Clarissa. \"China's Southern Paradise: Treasures From the Lower Yangzi Delta At the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Arts of Asia (Winter 2023): 98\u2013104.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 101\u2013102, fig. 6",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 251\u2013253, no. 113",
"url": ""
}
],
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"creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": null,
"athena_id": 160723,
"creators": [
{
"id": 22954,
"description": "Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": null,
"role": "artist",
"biography": "Song Xu (\u5b8b\u65ed, 1525\u2013c. 1606), was a versatile Chinese painter active in northern Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. He was skilled in landscapes, boundary paintings (\u754c\u756b, paintings of architecture), figure painting, and Buddhist painting. Although born a commoner, he also cultivated the literati arts of poetry and calligraphy. He studied Chan Buddhism and eventually became a Buddhist priest himself.",
"name_in_original_language": "\u5b8b\u65ed",
"birth_year": "1525",
"death_year": "1606",
"use_in_caption": true,
"include_extent": false,
"weight": 1
}
],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": 1583,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "c. 1588",
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"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [
"Eighteen Views of Wuxing",
"Eighteen Views of Huzhou \u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716"
],
"is_highlight": false,
"updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.263000"
}
}