{
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        "id": 160913,
        "accession_number": "1999.193",
        "share_license_status": "CC0",
        "tombstone": "Three Purities, 1878. Zhang Xiong (Chinese, 1803\u20131886). Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper; overall: 168 x 44 cm (66 1/8 x 17 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. James S. Reid, 1999.193",
        "current_location": null,
        "title": "Three Purities",
        "creation_date": "1878",
        "creation_date_earliest": 1878,
        "creation_date_latest": 1878,
        "artists_tags": [
            "male"
        ],
        "culture": [
            "China, Xiaxing, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911)"
        ],
        "technique": "hanging scroll; ink and color on paper",
        "support_materials": [],
        "department": "Chinese Art",
        "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll",
        "type": "Painting",
        "measurements": "Overall: 168 x 44 cm (66 1/8 x 17 5/16 in.)",
        "dimensions": {
            "overall": {
                "height": 1.68,
                "height_inch": 66,
                "height_inch_fraction": 0.125,
                "width": 0.44,
                "width_inch": 17,
                "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125
            }
        },
        "state_of_the_work": null,
        "edition_of_the_work": null,
        "copyright": null,
        "inscriptions": [
            {
                "inscription": "Artist's inscription and seal in the upper left, dated \u620a\u5bc5 [1878].",
                "inscription_translation": null,
                "inscription_remark": null,
                "sortorder": 1
            }
        ],
        "exhibitions": {
            "current": [],
            "legacy": [
                {
                    "description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 16-July 13, 2004).",
                    "opening_date": "2004-03-16T00:00:00"
                }
            ]
        },
        "provenance": [
            {
                "description": "(Chelsea Art Co., Ltd., Hong Kong, sold to Mr. and Mrs. James Reid)",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": null,
                "sortorder": 1
            },
            {
                "description": "Mr. James Sims Reid Jr. [1926\u20132020] and Mrs. Donna S. Reid  [b. 1931], Cleveland Heights, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": "?\u20131999",
                "sortorder": 2
            },
            {
                "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": "1999\u2013",
                "sortorder": 3
            }
        ],
        "find_spot": null,
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        "former_accession_numbers": [],
        "did_you_know": "This painting was dedicated to an older individual on one of his birthdays.",
        "early_education_description": null,
        "artlens_description": null,
        "description": "As an artist, Zhang Xiong first attained fame in his native city Jiaxing, Zhejiang province. When the turmoil of the Taiping rebellion spread to his area, he decided to move to Shanghai where he became the elderly spokesman for the art scene in this newly rising metropolis. He is best remembered for his bird-and-flower paintings, of which this painting certainly is a fine example. \"The Three Purities\" refer to pine (symbol of longevity), plum blossoms (continual renewal of life), and bamboo (inner strength), plants that can endure and thrive during the winter season. A cluster of narcissus is a fitting complement as it is emblematic for immortality.",
        "external_resources": {
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                "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477752"
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        "updated_at": "2026-08-03 14:23:37.692000"
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}