{
"data": {
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"tombstone": "Sindhu Raga, c. 1720. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar. Gum tempera and ink on paper; overall: 48.1 x 27.9 cm (18 15/16 x 11 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. Norman Zaworski, 2004.110",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Sindhu Raga",
"creation_date": "c. 1720",
"creation_date_earliest": 1715,
"creation_date_latest": 1725,
"artists_tags": [],
"culture": [
"Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar"
],
"technique": "Gum tempera and ink on paper",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art",
"collection": "Indian Art",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Overall: 48.1 x 27.9 cm (18 15/16 x 11 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"overall": {
"height": 0.481,
"height_inch": 18,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.9375,
"width": 0.279,
"width_inch": 11,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.0
}
},
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"inscriptions": [],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 302076,
"title": "Indian Art from the George P. Bickford Collection",
"description": "Indian Art from the George P. Bickford Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 14-February 16, 1975).",
"opening_date": "1975-01-14T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 441124,
"title": "Martial Art of India",
"description": "Martial Art of India. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 11-August 21, 2022).",
"opening_date": "2022-02-11T05:00:00"
}
],
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},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "George Bickford [1901\u20131991], Cleveland Heights, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "by 1975",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Dr. Norman Zaworski [1920\u20132013], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?\u20132004",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "2004\u2013",
"sortorder": 3
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"did_you_know": "Most of the warriors are on horseback and are armed with bows and arrows, swords, lances, and shields, as well as rifles. Two elephants appear in the foreground.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "The inscription at the top identifies this painting as Sindhu Raga, which is the raga (or musical mode) of heroic sentiment. The painting is meant to elicit the same feelings in the viewer as a rousing piece of music played in the Sindhu key.
Paintings of Sindhu Raga depict battle scenes. In this example, the composition conveys the chaotic melee and violence of war. Heads are being lopped off; carrion birds swoop down unfazed. Above the horizon against the sky at the far right is the god of war, Karttikeya, in his chariot. Three angels carry garlands for the dead.",
"external_resources": {
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],
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"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2004.110-sindhu-raga"
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},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. and George Montgomery. Rajput Painting; with an introductory essay and catalogue notes. New York: Asia House, 1960.",
"page_number": "Reproduced p. 28; plate 19",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gangoly, O. C. [Ordhendra Coomar]. Ra\u0304gas & Ra\u0304gini\u0304s: A Pictorial & Iconographic Study of Indian Musical Modes Based on Original Sources. Calcutta: Kumar Printers, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: vol. II, pl. 1",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J. Indian Art from the George P. Bickford Collection: Catalog. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1975.",
"page_number": "cat. no. 65",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Reddy, Ravinder. Arms & Armour of India, Nepal & Sri Lanka: Types, Decoration and Symbolism. London: Hali Publications, 2018.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41",
"url": null
}
],
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"creditline": "Gift of Dr. Norman Zaworski",
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"updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:29:14.570000"
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