{
"data": {
"id": 166364,
"accession_number": "2008.2",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Gothic Bible (Vulgate), c. 1275\u20131300. Southern France, Toulouse or Avignon, 13th century. Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; closed: 35.6 x 24.2 cm (14 x 9 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2008.2",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Gothic Bible (Vulgate)",
"creation_date": "c. 1275\u20131300",
"creation_date_earliest": 1270,
"creation_date_latest": 1300,
"artists_tags": [],
"culture": [
"Southern France, Toulouse or Avignon, 13th century"
],
"technique": "ink, tempera, and gold on vellum",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Medieval Art",
"collection": "MED - Gothic",
"type": "Bound Volume",
"measurements": "Closed: 35.6 x 24.2 cm (14 x 9 1/2 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"closed": {
"height": 0.356,
"height_inch": 14,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.0,
"width": 0.242,
"width_inch": 9,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.5
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 196935,
"title": "The Glory of the Painted Page: Manuscript Illuminations from the Permanent Collection",
"description": "The Glory of the Painted Page: Manuscript Illuminations from the Permanent Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 2010-April 17, 2011).",
"opening_date": "2010-11-06T00:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": []
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "[Dr. J\u00f6rn G\u00fcnther, Antiquariat, London], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "-2008",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "2008-",
"sortorder": 2
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Original texts of the Old and New Testaments were written in Greek and Hebrew.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "Biblical manuscripts were highly prized and important possessions of churches, monasteries, cathedral schools, and universities throughout medieval Europe. The biblical texts were known as the vulgate, the translations made by Saint Jerome in the fourth century from Hebrew and Greek into Latin, which became the definitive and official Latin version of the Roman Church. In the 13th century, the bible was, for the first time, produced as a single volume with an officially sanctioned sequence to its books and chapters as illustrated by this example. The very extensive decoration of this bible is arranged hierarchically to indicate the relative importance of the various texts so that full or almost full-page initials mark the openings of the first prologue, Genesis, and the first Gospel; historiated initials mark the beginning of each book and illuminated initials mark the Prologues.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760101"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2008.2-gothic-bible-vulgate"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "BROOKE, Thomas. A Catalogue of the Manuscripts and Printed Books Collected by Thomas Brooke, and Preserved at Armitage Bridge House, Near Huddersfield. [With a Portrait.] L.P. Pp. vi. 759. Ellis & Elvey: London, 1891.",
"page_number": "p. 50",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "University of Southern California. The Book As a Work of Art: An Exhibition of Books and Manuscripts from the Library of Mrs Edward Laurence Doheny : on View in the E.L. Doheny Jr. Memorial Library, University of Southern California, February 19 to March 9, 1935. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 1935.",
"page_number": "no. 2",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "De Ricci, Seymour, W. J. Wilson, C. U. Faye, and W. H. Bond. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1935.",
"page_number": "p. 21",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Wu\u0308rttembergische Landesbibliothek (Stuttgart). Die gotischen Handschriften der Wu\u0308rttembergischen Landesbibliothek Stuttgart. Stuttgart: A. Hiersemann, 1996.",
"page_number": "pp. 366-75",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Avril, Franc\u0327ois. L'art au temps des rois maudits: Philippe le Bel et ses fils, 1285-1328. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1998.",
"page_number": "pp. 329-334",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Judkins, Ryan. \u201cIlluminated Manuscripts of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d Nouvelles (November 2008)",
"page_number": "pp. 7-11",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., \"FILL THIS\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 48 no. 7 September 2008",
"page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-07/page/6"
},
{
"citation": "Bilotta, M.A. \"La Bibbia miniata Cleveland Museum of Art, MS 2008.2: un esempio dell\u2019illustrazione della Bibbia lungo le coste del Mediterraneo, al crocevia tra l\u2019Occitania e la Catalogna, fra XIII e XIV secolo\", Hortus Artium Medievalium 20 (2014).",
"page_number": "pp. 339-356",
"url": "https://www.academia.edu/8311457/M_A_Bilotta_La_Bibbia_miniata_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art_MS_2088_2_un_esempio_dell_illustrazione_della_Bibbia_lungo_le_coste_del_Mediterraneo_al_crocevia_tra_l_Occitania_e_la_Catalogna_fra_XIII_e_XIV_secolo_in_Hortus_Artium_Medievalium_20_2014_pp_339_356"
},
{
"citation": "Appleby, Zoe, and Tess Artis. \"Creation.\" In Creation and (Re)birth, edited by Gerhard Lutz, and Elina Gertsman, 5-7. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2024.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 6, fig. 4",
"url": ""
}
],
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2008.2",
"images": {
"annotation": null,
"web": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.2/2008.2_web.jpg",
"width": "687",
"height": "893",
"filesize": "470705",
"filename": "2008.2_web.jpg"
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"print": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.2/2008.2_print.jpg",
"width": "2616",
"height": "3400",
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"full": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.2/2008.2_full.tif",
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"alternate_images": [],
"creditline": "John L. Severance Fund",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": null,
"athena_id": 166364,
"creators": [],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "2008-03-03T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": 1270,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "c. 1275\u20131300",
"collapse_artists": false,
"on_loan": false,
"recently_acquired": false,
"record_type": "cover",
"conservation_statement": null,
"has_conservation_images": false,
"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [],
"is_highlight": false,
"updated_at": "2026-08-31 20:00:32.581000"
}
}