{
    "data": {
        "id": 166637,
        "accession_number": "2008.358",
        "share_license_status": "CC0",
        "tombstone": "Joan of Arc, c. 1889. Ernest Meissonier (French, 1815\u20131891). Graphite, red chalk, colored washes, and black and white gouache; sheet: 18.8 x 30.3 cm (7 3/8 x 11 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Muriel Butkin, 2008.358",
        "current_location": null,
        "title": "Joan of Arc",
        "creation_date": "c. 1889",
        "creation_date_earliest": 1884,
        "creation_date_latest": 1894,
        "artists_tags": [
            "male"
        ],
        "culture": [
            "France, 19th century"
        ],
        "technique": "graphite, red chalk, colored washes, and black and white gouache",
        "support_materials": [
            {
                "description": "blue wove paper (faded in image area to gray-green), laid down on light brown wove paper",
                "watermarks": []
            }
        ],
        "department": "Drawings",
        "collection": "DR - French",
        "type": "Drawing",
        "measurements": "Sheet: 18.8 x 30.3 cm (7 3/8 x 11 15/16 in.)",
        "dimensions": {
            "sheet": {
                "height": 0.188,
                "height_inch": 7,
                "height_inch_fraction": 0.375,
                "width": 0.303,
                "width_inch": 11,
                "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375
            }
        },
        "state_of_the_work": null,
        "edition_of_the_work": null,
        "copyright": null,
        "inscriptions": [
            {
                "inscription": "Signed with monogram, lower left",
                "inscription_translation": null,
                "inscription_remark": null,
                "sortorder": null
            }
        ],
        "exhibitions": {
            "current": [
                {
                    "id": 338266,
                    "title": "Exposition Meissonier",
                    "description": "<i>Exposition Meissonier</i>. Galerie Georges Petit (organizer).",
                    "opening_date": "1893-03-01T05:00:00"
                },
                {
                    "id": 187360,
                    "title": "French Master Drawings from the Collection of Muriel Butkin",
                    "description": "<i>French Master Drawings from the Collection of Muriel Butkin</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-October 28, 2001); Dahesh Museum of Art (February 19-May 18, 2002).",
                    "opening_date": "2001-08-26T00:00:00"
                }
            ],
            "legacy": []
        },
        "provenance": [
            {
                "description": "Estate of the artist",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [
                    ""
                ],
                "date": "1891-1893",
                "sortorder": 1
            },
            {
                "description": "(his studio sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, May 18-20, 1893, no. 464)",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [
                    "<div><!--block-->Wax seal of sale on verso of tertiary support.</div>"
                ],
                "date": "1893",
                "sortorder": 2
            },
            {
                "description": "Alfred Hartmann, Mulhouse",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": "after 1893-1899",
                "sortorder": 3
            },
            {
                "description": "(his sale, H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, April 12-15, 1899, no. 92)",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [
                    "<div><!--block-->In this sale the drawing is described as having a monogram at the right, no longer present on the sheet.&nbsp;</div>"
                ],
                "date": "1899",
                "sortorder": 4
            },
            {
                "description": "(sale, Sotheby-Parke-Bernet, New York, October 3, 1975, no. 169, sold to Muriel Butkin, Shaker Heights, OH)",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": "1975",
                "sortorder": 5
            },
            {
                "description": "Muriel Butkin [1916-2008], Shaker Heights, OH, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": "1975-2008",
                "sortorder": 6
            },
            {
                "description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": "2008-",
                "sortorder": 7
            }
        ],
        "find_spot": null,
        "related_works": [],
        "former_accession_numbers": [],
        "did_you_know": "Ernest Meisonnier found the original subject proposed for his Pantheon mural commission\u2014Saint Genevi\u00e8ve\u2014to be uninspiring and instead proposed an allegorical Triumph of France featuring Joan of Arc alongside Charlemagne and Napoleon Bonaparte, among others.",
        "early_education_description": null,
        "artlens_description": null,
        "description": "This drawing is a rare study relating to Ernest Meissonier's never-realized mural for the Pantheon in Paris. After seeking and receiving the commission in 1874, Meisonnier procrastinated on the project for many years. Here, the French heroine Joan of Arc appears at center, without a helmet, on a bare white horse, staring ahead with steadfast calm. The figure of Joan in this drawing appears to correspond to the subject in a now-lost design for the complete painting, which Meissonier presented in 1889.",
        "external_resources": {
            "wikidata": [
                "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79997170"
            ],
            "internet_archive": [
                "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2008.358-joan-of-arc"
            ]
        },
        "citations": [
            {
                "citation": "<em>Exposition Meissonier</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Galerie Georges Petit, 1893.",
                "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 100, no. 464",
                "url": null
            },
            {
                "citation": "Gr\u00e9ard, M.O. <em>Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier: Ses souvenirs, ses entretiens</em>. Paris: Hachette, 1897.",
                "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 432",
                "url": null
            },
            {
                "citation": "Foster, Carter E., Sylvain Bellenger, and Patrick Shaw Cable. <em>French Master Drawings from the Collection of Muriel Butkin</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.",
                "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 126-27, 144, no. 58; Reproduced: p. 127",
                "url": null
            }
        ],
        "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2008.358",
        "images": {
            "annotation": null,
            "web": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.358/2008.358_web.jpg",
                "width": "1263",
                "height": "805",
                "filesize": "813668",
                "filename": "2008.358_web.jpg"
            },
            "print": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.358/2008.358_print.jpg",
                "width": "3400",
                "height": "2166",
                "filesize": "6636198",
                "filename": "2008.358_print.jpg"
            },
            "full": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.358/2008.358_full.tif",
                "width": "5577",
                "height": "3553",
                "filesize": "59471496",
                "filename": "2008.358_full.tif"
            }
        },
        "alternate_images": [
            {
                "web": {
                    "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.358/2008.358_alt0_web.jpg",
                    "width": "1263",
                    "height": "795",
                    "filesize": "775624"
                },
                "print": {
                    "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.358/2008.358_alt0_print.jpg",
                    "width": "3400",
                    "height": "2141",
                    "filesize": "5647303"
                },
                "full": {
                    "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.358/2008.358_alt0_full.tif",
                    "width": "5000",
                    "height": "3148",
                    "filesize": "47240972"
                },
                "date_created": "2008-10-28T19:53:22",
                "annotation": ""
            }
        ],
        "creditline": "Bequest of Muriel Butkin",
        "image_credit": null,
        "sketchfab_id": null,
        "sketchfab_url": null,
        "gallery_donor_text": null,
        "athena_id": 166637,
        "creators": [
            {
                "id": 1661,
                "description": "Ernest Meissonier (French, 1815\u20131891)",
                "extent": null,
                "qualifier": null,
                "role": "artist",
                "biography": "Ernest Meissonier had little formal or institutional artistic training, having studied only briefly in Cogniet's (q.v.) studio. Meissonier began his career making woodcuts for book illustrations, which must have served his craftsmanship and influenced his tendency toward working in a small format. From the beginning he was inspired by seventeenth-century Dutch and Flemish genre painters, as attested by his first Salon painting, Dutch Burghers (1834, Wallace Collection, London). His subjects would eventually have a more typical French flavor, representing artists, musicians, or members of the bourgeoisie involved in leisurely activities, and mostly in eighteenth-century settings. Meissonier joined the French army during the Austro-Italian War (1859), after which he frequently painted military scenes, such as Napoleon III at Solferino (1863, Mus\u00e9e National du Ch\u00e2teau de Compi\u00e8gne). Along with the many small depictions of the soldier's life, Meissonier also produced some military paintings on a grand scale. Such works were his attempt to make history paintings and served to counter the criticism that his subjects were frivolous. His military paintings culminated in a partly finished project of four large canvases depicting events in Napoleon I's military career that occupied him from 1864 through 1876. But no matter the size or subject of his paintings, they were always meticulously executed. The Franco-Prussian War also inspired some important works, such as Ruins of the Tuileries (1871, Mus\u00e9e National du Ch\u00e2teau de Compi\u00e8gne). Meissonier's work was extremely popular with the upwardly mobile mercantile elite who appreciated his craftsmanship. Criticism came from artists like Degas (q.v.) and Manet (q.v.), who advocated a more Courbet-like realism, addressing contemporary issues rather than painting idealized reflections of the past. Meissonier led the jury that excluded Courbet (q.v.) from the Salon of 1872 because of his involvement in the Paris Commune in 1871. Yet in 1889 Meissonier was also involved in founding the more progressive artist's organization and exhibitions of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale des Beaux-Arts that seceded from the traditional Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Fran\u00e7ais. Meissonier received many honors and was the first artist to be promoted to the grand croix, the highest rank of the Legion of Honor (1899).",
                "name_in_original_language": null,
                "birth_year": "1815",
                "death_year": "1891",
                "use_in_caption": true,
                "include_extent": false,
                "weight": 1
            }
        ],
        "legal_status": "accessioned",
        "accession_date": "2009-03-02T00:00:00",
        "sortable_date": 1884,
        "date_added_to_oa": null,
        "date_text": "c. 1889",
        "collapse_artists": false,
        "on_loan": false,
        "recently_acquired": false,
        "record_type": "object",
        "conservation_statement": null,
        "has_conservation_images": false,
        "cover_accession_number": null,
        "is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
        "impression": null,
        "alternate_titles": [],
        "is_highlight": false,
        "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:36:23.945000"
    }
}