id: 166671 accession number: 2008.385 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/2008.385 updated: 2024-03-26 02:01:12.330000 Sheet of Studies, 1871–76. Paul Cezanne (French, 1839–1906). Graphite and pen and brown ink; sheet: 20.9 x 12.2 cm (8 1/4 x 4 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Muriel Butkin 2008.385 title: Sheet of Studies title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: 1871–76 creation date earliest: 1871 creation date latest: 1876 current location: creditline: Bequest of Muriel Butkin copyright: --- culture: France, 19th century technique: graphite and pen and brown ink department: Drawings collection: Drawings type: Drawing find spot: catalogue raisonne: --- CREATORS * Paul Cezanne (French, 1839–1906) - artist The son of a wealthy banker, Cézanne began his studies in Aix-en-Provence at the École Saint-Joseph in 1849, then attended the Collège Bourbon from 1852 until 1858. Émile Zola, the future author, was to become one of his closest friends. Cézanne enrolled at the École Gratuite de Dessin in 1857, entering the studio of Joseph Gibert (1806-1884). Two years later, complying with his father's wishes, he began studying law at the Université d'Aix while still at the École Gratuite de Dessin. In 1861 Cézanne finally left law school and followed Zola to Paris where he met Pissarro (q.v.) at the Académie Suisse. Probably after his failure to enter the École des Beaux-Arts, he returned to Aix and began working at his father's bank. In 1862, however, Cézanne returned to Paris, where he studied at the Académie Suisse and copied the works of the Old Masters in the Louvre. The works he produced during this period reflect the influence of Spanish painters such as Ribera (1591-1562) and Zurbarán (1598-1664), and other predecessors such as Delacroix (q.v.). His submissions to the Salons of 1865 through 1870 (and even through 1881) did not receive the jury's approval; the reinstatement of the Salon des Refusés was repeatedly but unsuccessfully demanded. Cézanne traveled often between Aix and Paris until 1870. To escape the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) he stayed in the south in L'Estaque, along with his mistress, Hortense Fiquet, whom he had met in 1869. Cézanne moved back north to Pontoise with Hortense and his son, Paul, in 1872 and worked with Pissarro and met Dr. Paul Gachet. The following year he moved again to nearby Auvers-sur-Oise with his family, continuing his work with Pissarro. In 1874 and 1877 Cézanne participated in the first and third impressionist exhibitions, but the severe criticism of his works led him to abstain from using this venue again. In 1878 his father learned of the existence of Hortense and Paul, who at that point were living in Marseille, and threatened to discontinue his allowance. While in the Midi, Cézanne often worked with Monticelli (q.v.). His art increasingly matured, and he began concentrating on the order and internal structure within his compositions, limiting his palette. During these years he also met Gauguin (q.v.) and Renoir (q.v.), and always trav-eled, chiefly between Aix and L'Estaque. In 1886 Cézanne married Hortense, his father died, and the inheritance provided him with the financial means to live without constraints. He bought a house in Marlotte near Fontainebleau in 1892. In 1895 he had his first solo show at the gallery of Ambroise Vollard, who two years later bought all the artist's works from his studio near Corbeil. The dealer Paul Durand-Ruel became another important client. Cézanne participated in the Salon des Indépendants in 1899, 1901, and 1902 and exhibited at La Libre Esthétique in Brussels in 1901 and 1904, the Secession in Vienna in 1903, and the Salon d'Automne in 1904-6. He continued to study the underlying structure of nature, at times approaching abstraction by denying traditional perspective and using multiple viewpoints. He also began leaving portions of the canvas bare, giving some works an unfinished appearance. Cézanne's work had a tremendous influence on the artists of his time as well as those of subsequent generations, and he is considered one of the most influential figures in the development of modern art. --- measurements: Sheet: 20.9 x 12.2 cm (8 1/4 x 4 13/16 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: inscriptions: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: French Master Drawings from the Collection of Muriel Butkin opening date: 2001-08-26T00:00:00 French Master Drawings from the Collection of Muriel Butkin. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-October 28, 2001). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS --- PROVENANCE Jean-Pierre Cézanne, Paris date: By 1955-? footnotes: *
Jean-Pierre Cézanne, grandson of the artist, authenticated the drawing and states that it is in an album in his possession in a letter dated February 9, 1955, in CMA curatorial file.
citations: Edgardo Acosta [1913-1999], Beverly Hills, CA date: ?-1968 footnotes: citations: (Trosby Galleries, Palm Beach, FL, Acosta sale, Feb. 8-9, 1966, no. 7) date: footnotes: citations: (Parke-Bernet, New York, May 24, 1968, no. 4, sold to Muriel Butkin, Shaker Heights, OH) date: 1968 footnotes: citations: Muriel Butkin [1916-2008], Shaker Heights, OH, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH date: 1968-2008 footnotes: citations: The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH date: 2008- footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: digital description: wall description: --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS Chappuis, Adrien. "Cézanne dessinateur: copies et illustrations." Gazette Des Beaux-Arts, vol. 66, periode 6 (November 1965): 293-308. page number: Reproduced: fig. 38 (detail) url: Trosby Galleries, Palm Beach, Fl. Impressionist and Modern Paintings, Drawings, and Sculpture: The Property of Mr. and Mrs. Edgardo Acosta. February 8-9, 1966. Lot 7. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 7 url: Reff, Theodore. "Cézanne and Hercules." The Art Bulletin, vol. 48, no. 1 (March 1966): 35-44. page number: Mentioned: p. 41, 41n82 url: Parke Bernet Galleries, New York. Modern Paintings, Drawings, Sculpture. May 24, 1968. Lot 4. page number: Mentioned: no. 4 url: Chappuis, Adrien, and Paul Cézanne. The Drawings of Paul Cézanne: a Catalogue Raisonné, v.1. Greenwich, Conn. : New York Graphic Society, 1973. page number: Mentioned: vol. 1: p. 106, no. 263; Reproduced: vol. 2: no. 263 url: Foster, Carter E., Sylvain Bellenger, and Patrick Shaw Cable. French Master Drawings from the Collection of Muriel Butkin. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001. page number: Mentioned: p. 8; Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 11 url: Ballas, Guila. Cézanne, Baigneuses et Baigneurs. Thème et composition. Paris: Adam Biro, 2002. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 16, 309, fig. 3b, no. 252 url: Feilchenfeldt, Walter, Jayne Warman, David Nash, and Paul Cézanne. The Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings of Paul Cézanne: An Online Catalogue Raisonné, 2014. page number: url: http://www.cezannecatalogue.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=1919 --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.385/2008.385_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.385/2008.385_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.385/2008.385_full.tif