{
"data": {
"id": 167459,
"accession_number": "2009.271",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Julius Caesar, c. 1455\u201360. Mino da Fiesole (Italian, c. 1430\u20131484), garland by Mino da Fiesole and Workshop (Italian, c. 1430\u20131484). Marble with traces of bole (red clay) and limestone with traces of paint; overall: 83 x 84 x 25 cm (32 11/16 x 33 1/16 x 9 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2009.271",
"current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance",
"title": "Julius Caesar",
"creation_date": "c. 1455\u201360",
"creation_date_earliest": 1455,
"creation_date_latest": 1460,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"Italy, Florence"
],
"technique": "marble with traces of bole (red clay) and limestone with traces of paint",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "European Painting and Sculpture",
"collection": "Sculpture",
"type": "Sculpture",
"measurements": "Overall: 83 x 84 x 25 cm (32 11/16 x 33 1/16 x 9 13/16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"overall": {
"height": 0.83,
"height_inch": 32,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.6875,
"width": 0.84,
"width_inch": 33,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.0625,
"depth": 0.25,
"depth_inch": 9,
"depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 217155,
"title": "The Springtime of the Renaissance. Sculpture and the Arts in Florence, 1400-1460",
"description": "The Springtime of the Renaissance. Sculpture and the Arts in Florence, 1400-1460. Fondazione Palazzo Strozzi, Firenze, Italy (March 21-August 18, 2013); Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (September 23, 2013-January 6, 2014).",
"opening_date": "2013-03-21T00:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "The Springtime of the Renaissance: Sculpture and the Arts in Florence. Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, Italy (March 21-August 18, 2013); Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (September 23, 2013 - January 8, 2014).",
"opening_date": "2013-03-21T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Private Collection (Bourges, France), sold to a private dealer and Gertrud Rudigier",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"description": "Private dealer and Gertrud Rudigier (Munich, Germany), sold to Gertrud Rudigier, 2008",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"description": "Gertrud Rudigier, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 2009",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Traces of paint on this white marble relief indicated that it was once brightly painted.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "Renowned Roman general and statesman Julius Caesar (100\u201344 BCE) appears here as a political rather than military leader, worn by the burdens of office, with carefully described signs of aging. Mino probably used ancient coins from the collection of the Medici, Florence's ruling family, as his starting point for this sculpture. However, the complex carving, the clinging drapery, and the psychological intensity all characterize the inventiveness Renaissance artists brought to classical subject matter. In this case, Caesar offered an important model for leadership, masculinity, and composure. The garland is clearly by a different hand, but passages, such as the ribbons and flowers in low relief, correspond to details found in other decorative carvings from Mino's workshop. Initially, the limestone setting was probably put into a wall, perhaps in a lunette over the door, from which it was later removed. However, the relationship between the garland and the relief has not yet been clarified and is the subject of ongoing research.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755713"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2009.271-julius-caesar"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Seydl, Jon L. \"High Renaissance Sculpture.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 50, no. 4 (July/August 2010): 10-12.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 11",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2010-04/page/n9/mode/2up"
},
{
"citation": "Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Scala Books, 2012.London, United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140-141",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Calzona, Arturo, and Matteo Ceriana. Per un nuovo Agostino di Duccio: studi e documenti. VeronaItaly: Scripta, 2012.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 9, Mentioned: p. 85-86",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Seydl, Jon L. \"Return to the Renaissance.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 52, no. 6 (November/December 2012): 13.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-06/page/n11/mode/2up"
},
{
"citation": "Paolozzi Strozzi, Beatrice, and Marc Bormand. The Springtime of the Renaissance: Sculpture and the Arts in Florence 1400-60. Firenze, Italy: Mandragora, 2013.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 484-485",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Bormand, Marc, and Beatrice Paolozzi Strozzi. Le printemps de la Renaissance la sculpture et les arts a\u0300 Florence, 1400-1460 : [exposition, Florence, Palazzo Strozzi, 23 mars-18 aou\u0302t 2013 ; Paris, Muse\u0301e du Louvre, 26 septembre 2013-6 janvier 2014]. Paris: Muse\u0301e du Louvre, 2013.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 485, fig. X.6",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 172",
"url": ""
}
],
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.271",
"images": {
"annotation": null,
"web": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_web.jpg",
"width": "957",
"height": "893",
"filesize": "149569",
"filename": "2009.271_web.jpg"
},
"print": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_print.jpg",
"width": "3400",
"height": "3173",
"filesize": "1643899",
"filename": "2009.271_print.jpg"
},
"full": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_full.tif",
"width": "4943",
"height": "4614",
"filesize": "68460368",
"filename": "2009.271_full.tif"
}
},
"alternate_images": [
{
"web": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt0_web.jpg",
"width": "972",
"height": "893",
"filesize": "190030"
},
"print": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt0_print.jpg",
"width": "3400",
"height": "3123",
"filesize": "2054852"
},
"full": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt0_full.tif",
"width": "5008",
"height": "4600",
"filesize": "69133756"
},
"date_created": "2012-02-27T16:01:43",
"annotation": ""
},
{
"web": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt1_web.jpg",
"width": "678",
"height": "893",
"filesize": "417363"
},
"print": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt1_print.jpg",
"width": "2581",
"height": "3400",
"filesize": "6099863"
},
"full": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt1_full.tif",
"width": "4212",
"height": "5548",
"filesize": "70134808"
},
"date_created": "2010-02-01T16:13:17",
"annotation": ""
},
{
"web": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt2_web.jpg",
"width": "422",
"height": "893",
"filesize": "255039"
},
"print": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt2_print.jpg",
"width": "1605",
"height": "3400",
"filesize": "4026992"
},
"full": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt2_full.tif",
"width": "2844",
"height": "6022",
"filesize": "51407520"
},
"date_created": "2010-02-01T16:20:30",
"annotation": ""
},
{
"web": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt3_web.jpg",
"width": "671",
"height": "893",
"filesize": "421618"
},
"print": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt3_print.jpg",
"width": "2554",
"height": "3400",
"filesize": "6276563"
},
"full": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt3_full.tif",
"width": "3956",
"height": "5265",
"filesize": "62515348"
},
"date_created": "2010-02-01T16:28:20",
"annotation": ""
},
{
"web": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt4_web.jpg",
"width": "369",
"height": "893",
"filesize": "228326"
},
"print": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt4_print.jpg",
"width": "1405",
"height": "3400",
"filesize": "3575722"
},
"full": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt4_full.tif",
"width": "2328",
"height": "5632",
"filesize": "39361572"
},
"date_created": "2010-02-01T16:34:14",
"annotation": ""
},
{
"web": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt5_web.jpg",
"width": "690",
"height": "893",
"filesize": "102713"
},
"print": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt5_print.jpg",
"width": "2627",
"height": "3400",
"filesize": "1408336"
},
"full": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.271/2009.271_alt5_full.tif",
"width": "4742",
"height": "6137",
"filesize": "87334764"
},
"date_created": "2010-02-01T15:59:12",
"annotation": ""
}
],
"creditline": "John L. Severance Fund",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": null,
"athena_id": 167459,
"creators": [
{
"id": 7122,
"description": "Mino da Fiesole (Italian, c. 1430\u20131484)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": null,
"role": "artist",
"biography": null,
"name_in_original_language": null,
"birth_year": "1430",
"death_year": "1484",
"use_in_caption": true,
"include_extent": false,
"weight": 1
},
{
"id": 62862,
"description": "Mino da Fiesole and Workshop (Italian, c. 1430\u20131484)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": "garland by",
"role": "artist",
"biography": null,
"name_in_original_language": null,
"birth_year": "1430",
"death_year": "1484",
"use_in_caption": true,
"include_extent": false,
"weight": 2
}
],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "2009-09-14T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": 1455,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "c. 1455\u201360",
"collapse_artists": false,
"on_loan": false,
"recently_acquired": false,
"record_type": "object",
"conservation_statement": null,
"has_conservation_images": false,
"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [
"Marble Relief of Julius Caesar"
],
"is_highlight": true,
"updated_at": "2026-07-04 11:16:29.898000"
}
}