{
    "data": {
        "id": 168482,
        "accession_number": "2010.234",
        "share_license_status": "CC0",
        "tombstone": "Snuff Spoon (intshengula or izintshengula), late 1800s. Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Zulu-style maker. Bone; overall: 17.8 cm (7 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Dori and Daniel Rootenberg, Jacaranda Tribal, New York, 2010.234",
        "current_location": "108B Southern African",
        "title": "Snuff Spoon (intshengula or izintshengula)",
        "creation_date": "late 1800s",
        "creation_date_earliest": 1875,
        "creation_date_latest": 1900,
        "artists_tags": [],
        "culture": [
            "Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Zulu-style maker"
        ],
        "technique": "bone",
        "support_materials": [],
        "department": "African Art",
        "collection": "African Art",
        "type": "Tools and Equipment",
        "measurements": "Overall: 17.8 cm (7 in.)",
        "dimensions": {
            "overall": {
                "height": 0.178,
                "height_inch": 7,
                "height_inch_fraction": 0.0
            }
        },
        "state_of_the_work": null,
        "edition_of_the_work": null,
        "copyright": null,
        "inscriptions": [],
        "exhibitions": {
            "current": [
                {
                    "id": 197333,
                    "title": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa",
                    "description": "<i>The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 17, 2011-February 26, 2012).",
                    "opening_date": "2011-04-17T00:00:00"
                }
            ],
            "legacy": [
                {
                    "description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, (4/16/11-2/26/12); \"The Art of Daily Life:  Portable Objects from Southeast Africa\" cat. no. 33",
                    "opening_date": "2011-04-16T00:00:00"
                }
            ]
        },
        "provenance": [
            {
                "description": "Gertrude Hance [1844-1922], Brookdale, PA",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": "after 1870\u20131922",
                "sortorder": null
            },
            {
                "description": "Robert Pagano (Hance family member), sold to Jacaranda LLC, New York, NY",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": "after 1922\u20132007",
                "sortorder": 2
            },
            {
                "description": "Dori and Daniel Rootenberg, Jacaranda Tribal, New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": "2007\u20132010",
                "sortorder": 3
            },
            {
                "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": "2010\u2013",
                "sortorder": 4
            }
        ],
        "find_spot": null,
        "related_works": [],
        "former_accession_numbers": [],
        "did_you_know": "Such spoons were typically worn as ornaments in the hair or even the beard, signaling the social standing of their wearer.",
        "early_education_description": null,
        "artlens_description": null,
        "description": "Often, snuff spoons made from the rib of an ox or cow were subtly carved to suggest a female body. Decorated with incised designs blackened with cattle fat and ash, many are true hybrid objects, combining a spoon with a long-tined comb or hairpin. Such spoons were typically worn as ornaments in the hair or even the beard, thus signaling the social standing of their wearer.",
        "external_resources": {
            "wikidata": [
                "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60752051"
            ],
            "internet_archive": [
                "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.234-snuff-spoon-intsheng"
            ]
        },
        "citations": [],
        "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.234",
        "images": {
            "annotation": null,
            "web": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.234/2010.234_web.jpg",
                "width": "1263",
                "height": "754",
                "filesize": "286379",
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            },
            "print": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.234/2010.234_print.jpg",
                "width": "3400",
                "height": "2031",
                "filesize": "3229708",
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            },
            "full": {
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        },
        "alternate_images": [
            {
                "web": {
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                "print": {
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                },
                "date_created": "2010-08-26T18:45:43",
                "annotation": ""
            }
        ],
        "creditline": "Gift of Dori and Daniel Rootenberg, Jacaranda Tribal, New York",
        "image_credit": null,
        "sketchfab_id": null,
        "sketchfab_url": null,
        "gallery_donor_text": null,
        "athena_id": 168482,
        "creators": [],
        "legal_status": "accessioned",
        "accession_date": "2010-09-07T00:00:00",
        "sortable_date": 1875,
        "date_added_to_oa": null,
        "date_text": "late 1800s",
        "collapse_artists": false,
        "on_loan": false,
        "recently_acquired": false,
        "record_type": "object",
        "conservation_statement": null,
        "has_conservation_images": false,
        "cover_accession_number": null,
        "is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
        "impression": null,
        "alternate_titles": [],
        "is_highlight": false,
        "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:39:54.556000"
    }
}