id: 169729 accession number: 2011.51 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/2011.51 updated: 2023-03-22 03:04:50.823000 Leaf with Initial from a Latin Bible: Initial M: St. Paul with a Sword and a Book, c. 1220. Vienna Moralized Bible Workshop (French). Ink, tempera and burnished gold on vellum; leaf: 21.9 x 14.3 cm (8 5/8 x 5 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection 2011.51 title: Leaf with Initial from a Latin Bible: Initial M: St. Paul with a Sword and a Book title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: c. 1220 creation date earliest: 1215 creation date latest: 1225 current location: creditline: The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection copyright: --- culture: France, Paris, 13th century technique: ink, tempera and burnished gold on vellum department: Medieval Art collection: MED - Manuscript Illuminations type: Manuscript find spot: catalogue raisonne: --- CREATORS * Vienna Moralized Bible Workshop (French) - artist --- measurements: Leaf: 21.9 x 14.3 cm (8 5/8 x 5 5/8 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: inscriptions: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection of Manuscript Illuminations opening date: 1999-12-19T00:00:00 The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection of Manuscript Illuminations. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 19, 1999-February 27, 2000). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS * CMA, 19 December 1999 - 27 February 2000, The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection of Manuscript Illuminations, cat. 1, illus. p. 12. --- PROVENANCE Alfred Henry Huth, C.H. St. John Hornby, Sir Sydney Cockerell, and Arthur Haddaway date: footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: digital description: wall description: Introducing Saint Paul's Epistle to the Hebrews, the text reads: Multifariam et multis modis olim Deus loquens patribus in prophetis (In many and various ways God spoke of old to our fathers by the prophets). The historiated initial M shows Saint Paul holding a sword, the instrument of his martyrdom, in his right hand. According to tradition, Paul was beheaded outside the gates of Rome. In his left hand he holds a book, indicating that he is the author of the Epistles of the New Testament. A Roman citizen and Christian missionary, Paul wrote his Epistle to the Hebrews to a community of Hebrew Christians. Of the many manuscript workshops active in Paris between about 1200 and 1250, only a handful have been identified by actual name. The figural style of the Vienna Moralized Bible Workshop is noted for its treatment of hair and eyes, the red dots of the cheeks, and the draperies with hairpin folds. The artist has drawn his inspiration from the animal-shaped initials of the previous century by converting the second arch of the M into a winged dragon. --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS Fliegel, Stephen N. The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection of Manuscript Illuminations. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 12, cat. no. 1 url: https://archive.org/details/BlackburnIlluminations/page/n24 --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.51/2011.51_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.51/2011.51_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.51/2011.51_full.tif