{
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        "id": 171077,
        "accession_number": "2013.50",
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        "tombstone": "Savoyard Helmet (Todenkopf), c. 1600\u201320. Italy or Germany, early 17th century. Steel, blackened; overall: 30.5 cm (12 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Trust, 2013.50",
        "current_location": "210A Armor Court",
        "title": "Savoyard Helmet (Todenkopf)",
        "creation_date": "c. 1600\u201320",
        "creation_date_earliest": 1595,
        "creation_date_latest": 1625,
        "artists_tags": [],
        "culture": [
            "Italy or Germany, early 17th century"
        ],
        "technique": "steel, blackened",
        "support_materials": [],
        "department": "Medieval Art",
        "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor",
        "type": "Arms and Armor",
        "measurements": "Overall: 30.5 cm (12 in.)",
        "dimensions": {
            "overall": {
                "height": 0.305,
                "height_inch": 12,
                "height_inch_fraction": 0.0
            }
        },
        "state_of_the_work": null,
        "edition_of_the_work": null,
        "copyright": null,
        "inscriptions": [],
        "exhibitions": {
            "current": [],
            "legacy": []
        },
        "provenance": [
            {
                "description": "Probably collection Baron Peuker, Berlin, sold at auction in Bruxelles: Le Roy, M. Henri (1854): Catalogue Illustre D'Armes Anciennes Europ\u00e9ennes et Orientales... plate II, fig. 21",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": null,
                "sortorder": null
            },
            {
                "description": "Collection Bach, Paris",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": null,
                "sortorder": null
            },
            {
                "description": "Collection Rutherfurd Stuyvesant at Rutherford Hall, New York; published in The Collection of Arms and Armor of Rutherfurd Stuyesant, p. 26, plate XIII",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": null,
                "sortorder": null
            },
            {
                "description": "Collection Frank Andriana, Los Angeles; published in: Curtis, Howard M. (1977): 2,500 Years of European Helmets, p. 304.",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": null,
                "sortorder": null
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        "did_you_know": "This type of helmet is also called a \"todenkopf,\" translating to \"death's head.\"",
        "early_education_description": null,
        "artlens_description": null,
        "description": "The term \u201cSavoyard helmet\u201d is used today to evoke the elite cavalry units formed by Charles Emanuel I, Duke of Savoy (1580-1630). Such helmets were designed principally to withstand and protect the wearer from shot from the powerful wheel-lock guns of the day, though their secondary function was to intimidate and terrify. The design of the helmet suggests a human face or skull. They were known as todenkopf or \u201cdeath\u2019s head\u201d helmets in Germany. The helmet would have originally been associated with a three-quarter cuirassier armor. Similar armors are displayed nearby.",
        "external_resources": {
            "wikidata": [
                "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747036"
            ],
            "internet_archive": [
                "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.50-savoyard-helmet-tode"
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        "citations": [
            {
                "citation": "Lennart Viebahn. A Pair of Luxury Flintlock Pistols by Gilbert. 2009.",
                "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3",
                "url": ""
            },
            {
                "citation": "Fliegel, Stephen.  \"2013 Acquisitions: Medieval Art\". <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 2 (March/April 2014): 14.",
                "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 14",
                "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-02"
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        "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:47:41.786000"
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