{
    "data": {
        "id": 286670,
        "accession_number": "2016.60",
        "share_license_status": "CC0",
        "tombstone": "Snuff Container, late 1800s or early 1900s. Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Xhosa-style maker. Hide, earth, and blood. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Frank Herreman in memory of Hendrik and Marcelle Herreman, 2016.60",
        "current_location": "108B Southern African",
        "title": "Snuff Container",
        "creation_date": "late 1800s or early 1900s",
        "creation_date_earliest": 1890,
        "creation_date_latest": 1910,
        "artists_tags": [],
        "culture": [
            "Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Xhosa-style maker"
        ],
        "technique": "Hide, earth, and blood",
        "support_materials": [],
        "department": "African Art",
        "collection": "African Art",
        "type": "Vessels",
        "dimensions": {
            "No Extent Specified": {
                "height": 0.088,
                "height_inch": 3,
                "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375
            }
        },
        "state_of_the_work": null,
        "edition_of_the_work": null,
        "copyright": null,
        "inscriptions": [],
        "exhibitions": {
            "current": [],
            "legacy": [
                {
                    "description": "No exhibition history.",
                    "opening_date": null
                }
            ]
        },
        "provenance": [
            {
                "description": "Hylton Nel [b. 1941], London, UK, 1970s, given to Frank Herreman",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": "?\u20131970s",
                "sortorder": 1
            },
            {
                "description": "Frank Herreman [b. 1949], Antwerp, Belgium, given to the Clevland Museum of Art",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": "1970s\u20132016",
                "sortorder": 2
            },
            {
                "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": "2016\u2013",
                "sortorder": 3
            }
        ],
        "find_spot": null,
        "related_works": [],
        "former_accession_numbers": [],
        "did_you_know": "The tobacco product snuff was stored in decorative, yet useful, containers like this one.",
        "early_education_description": null,
        "artlens_description": null,
        "description": "Snuff containers made from a mixture of hide, earth, and blood constitute a very rare type of object in the artistic production of southern Africa. The specific gourdlike shape is an even more unusual occurrence. Its materials and purpose refer to the communication between animals and humans.",
        "external_resources": {
            "wikidata": [
                "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60745439"
            ],
            "internet_archive": [
                "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2016.60-snuff-container"
            ]
        },
        "citations": [
            {
                "citation": "Unpublished",
                "page_number": null,
                "url": null
            }
        ],
        "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2016.60",
        "images": {
            "annotation": null,
            "web": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.60/2016.60_web.jpg",
                "width": "900",
                "height": "826",
                "filesize": "189745",
                "filename": "2016.60_web.jpg"
            },
            "print": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.60/2016.60_print.jpg",
                "width": "3400",
                "height": "3120",
                "filesize": "2168184",
                "filename": "2016.60_print.jpg"
            },
            "full": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.60/2016.60_full.tif",
                "width": "6413",
                "height": "5885",
                "filesize": "113257388",
                "filename": "2016.60_full.tif"
            }
        },
        "alternate_images": [
            {
                "web": {
                    "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.60/2016.60_alt0_web.jpg",
                    "width": "900",
                    "height": "890",
                    "filesize": "214040"
                },
                "print": {
                    "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.60/2016.60_alt0_print.jpg",
                    "width": "3400",
                    "height": "3362",
                    "filesize": "2538247"
                },
                "full": {
                    "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.60/2016.60_alt0_full.tif",
                    "width": "5888",
                    "height": "5822",
                    "filesize": "102876380"
                },
                "date_created": "2016-08-22T09:24:04",
                "annotation": ""
            },
            {
                "web": {
                    "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.60/2016.60_alt1_web.jpg",
                    "width": "900",
                    "height": "857",
                    "filesize": "227468"
                },
                "print": {
                    "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.60/2016.60_alt1_print.jpg",
                    "width": "3400",
                    "height": "3237",
                    "filesize": "2553330"
                },
                "full": {
                    "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.60/2016.60_alt1_full.tif",
                    "width": "5449",
                    "height": "5188",
                    "filesize": "84844232"
                },
                "date_created": "2016-08-22T10:30:44",
                "annotation": ""
            }
        ],
        "creditline": "Gift of Frank Herreman in memory of Hendrik and Marcelle Herreman",
        "image_credit": null,
        "sketchfab_id": null,
        "sketchfab_url": null,
        "gallery_donor_text": null,
        "athena_id": 286670,
        "creators": [],
        "legal_status": "accessioned",
        "accession_date": "2016-09-06T00:00:00-04:00",
        "sortable_date": 1890,
        "date_added_to_oa": null,
        "date_text": "late 1800s or early 1900s",
        "collapse_artists": false,
        "on_loan": false,
        "recently_acquired": false,
        "record_type": "object",
        "conservation_statement": null,
        "has_conservation_images": false,
        "cover_accession_number": null,
        "is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
        "impression": null,
        "alternate_titles": [],
        "is_highlight": false,
        "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:51:48.737000"
    }
}