{
    "data": {
        "id": 307219,
        "accession_number": "2018.7",
        "share_license_status": "CC0",
        "tombstone": "M\u00e9canisme de la physionomie humaine: Figure 45: Contraction \u00e9lectrique forte des triangulaires des l\u00e8vres et des sourciliers: douleur et d\u00e9spoir, c. 1856, printed 1862. Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne (de Boulogne) (French, 1806\u20131875), Adrien Tournachon (French, 1825\u20131903). Albumen print from glass plate negative; image: 23.5 x 17.9 cm (9 1/4 x 7 1/16 in.); oval opening: 16.2 x 11.9 cm (6 3/8 x 4 11/16 in.); mounted: 41.2 x 27.4 cm (16 1/4 x 10 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2018.7",
        "current_location": null,
        "title": "Figure 45: Contraction \u00e9lectrique forte des triangulaires des l\u00e8vres et des sourciliers: douleur et d\u00e9spoir",
        "series": "M\u00e9canisme de la physionomie humaine",
        "creation_date": "c. 1856, printed 1862",
        "creation_date_earliest": 1851,
        "creation_date_latest": 1861,
        "artists_tags": [
            "male"
        ],
        "culture": [
            "France, 19th century"
        ],
        "technique": "Albumen print from glass plate negative",
        "support_materials": [],
        "department": "Photography",
        "collection": "PH - French 19th Century",
        "type": "Photograph",
        "measurements": "Image: 23.5 x 17.9 cm (9 1/4 x 7 1/16 in.); Oval opening: 16.2 x 11.9 cm (6 3/8 x 4 11/16 in.); Mounted: 41.2 x 27.4 cm (16 1/4 x 10 13/16 in.)",
        "dimensions": {
            "image": {
                "height": 0.235,
                "width": 0.179
            },
            "oval opening": {
                "height": 0.162,
                "width": 0.119
            },
            "mounted": {
                "height": 0.412,
                "width": 0.274
            }
        },
        "state_of_the_work": null,
        "edition_of_the_work": null,
        "copyright": null,
        "inscriptions": [
            {
                "inscription": "On the verso, lower left corner, in graphite, \u201cfig. 7\u201d",
                "inscription_translation": null,
                "inscription_remark": "The handwriting of the inscription matches the handwriting of the inscriptions on the other four Duchenne photographs, one of which has a European style 1. There is no watermark.",
                "sortorder": null
            }
        ],
        "exhibitions": {
            "current": [],
            "legacy": []
        },
        "provenance": [
            {
                "description": "(Serge Kakou, Paris, France)",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": null,
                "sortorder": 1
            },
            {
                "description": "(Robert Hershkowitz Ltd., Sussex, United Kingdom)",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": "2017-2018",
                "sortorder": 2
            },
            {
                "description": "sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": "February 26, 2018-",
                "sortorder": 3
            }
        ],
        "find_spot": null,
        "related_works": [],
        "former_accession_numbers": [],
        "did_you_know": "Duchenne, a neurologist at a hospital for the poor in Paris, turned to photography to record the grammar of human expression.",
        "description": "Duchenne embarked on the first scientific, systematic exploration of the physiology of human facial expression and hoped, through photographs of his experiments, to teach artists how to portray those emotions. The experiments were performed by applying electrical stimulation to a single muscle on one side of the face, so that the viewer could clearly see the impact of the muscular contraction.",
        "external_resources": {
            "wikidata": [
                "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79873337"
            ],
            "internet_archive": [
                "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.7-figure-45-contractio"
            ]
        },
        "citations": [
            {
                "citation": "Liberatore, Virginia, and G.-B. Duchenne. Performing the Passions between Classical and Modern Epistemes: Text and Photography in Duchenne De Boulogne's \"Me\u0301canisme De La Physionomie Humaine\". 2002.",
                "page_number": null,
                "url": null
            },
            {
                "citation": "Duchenne, G.-B., and R. Andrew Cuthbertson. The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression. 2006.",
                "page_number": null,
                "url": null
            },
            {
                "citation": "Prodger, Phillip. Darwin's Camera: Art and Photography in the Theory of Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.",
                "page_number": null,
                "url": null
            },
            {
                "citation": "Sobieszek, Robert A. Ghost in the Shell: Photography and the Human Soul, 1850-2000 : Essays on Camera Portraiture. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1999.",
                "page_number": null,
                "url": null
            },
            {
                "citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \"Acquisitions 2018.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 59, no. 2 (March/April 2019): 6-27.",
                "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 25",
                "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-02/page/n11/mode/2up"
            }
        ],
        "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.7",
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            "print": {
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                "date_created": "2018-01-26T14:31:23",
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        "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund",
        "image_credit": null,
        "sketchfab_id": null,
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        "gallery_donor_text": null,
        "athena_id": 307219,
        "creators": [
            {
                "id": 307210,
                "description": "Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne (de Boulogne) (French, 1806\u20131875)",
                "extent": null,
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                "name_in_original_language": null,
                "birth_year": "1806",
                "death_year": "1875",
                "use_in_caption": true,
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            },
            {
                "id": 41226,
                "description": "Adrien Tournachon (French, 1825\u20131903)",
                "extent": null,
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        "legal_status": "accessioned",
        "accession_date": "2018-02-26T00:00:00-05:00",
        "sortable_date": 1851,
        "date_added_to_oa": null,
        "date_text": "c. 1856, printed 1862",
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        "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:13.939000"
    }
}