{
    "data": {
        "id": 307211,
        "accession_number": "2018.8",
        "share_license_status": "CC0",
        "tombstone": "M\u00e9canisme de la physionomie humaine: Figure 7: \u00c9tude du m\u00e9chanisme et de l'expression du muscle frontal chez un vieillard: \u00e0 droit, attention; \u00e0 gauche, repos, c. 1856, printed 1862. Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne (de Boulogne) (French, 1806\u20131875), Adrien Tournachon (French, 1825\u20131903). Albumen print from glass plate negative; image: 16.2 x 11.9 cm (6 3/8 x 4 11/16 in.); paper: 23.5 x 17.9 cm (9 1/4 x 7 1/16 in.); mounted: 41.2 x 27.4 cm (16 1/4 x 10 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Trust, 2018.8",
        "current_location": null,
        "title": "Figure 7: \u00c9tude du m\u00e9chanisme et de l'expression du muscle frontal chez un vieillard: \u00e0 droit, attention; \u00e0 gauche, repos",
        "series": "M\u00e9canisme de la physionomie humaine",
        "creation_date": "c. 1856, printed 1862",
        "creation_date_earliest": 1851,
        "creation_date_latest": 1861,
        "artists_tags": [
            "male"
        ],
        "culture": [],
        "technique": "Albumen print from glass plate negative",
        "support_materials": [],
        "department": "Photography",
        "collection": "PH - French 19th Century",
        "type": "Photograph",
        "measurements": "Image: 16.2 x 11.9 cm (6 3/8 x 4 11/16 in.); Paper: 23.5 x 17.9 cm (9 1/4 x 7 1/16 in.); Mounted: 41.2 x 27.4 cm (16 1/4 x 10 13/16 in.)",
        "dimensions": {
            "image": {
                "height": 0.162,
                "height_inch": 6,
                "height_inch_fraction": 0.375,
                "width": 0.119,
                "width_inch": 4,
                "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875
            },
            "mounted": {
                "height": 0.412,
                "height_inch": 16,
                "height_inch_fraction": 0.25,
                "width": 0.274,
                "width_inch": 10,
                "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125
            },
            "paper": {
                "height": 0.235,
                "height_inch": 9,
                "height_inch_fraction": 0.25,
                "width": 0.179,
                "width_inch": 7,
                "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625
            }
        },
        "state_of_the_work": null,
        "edition_of_the_work": null,
        "copyright": null,
        "inscriptions": [
            {
                "inscription": "On the verso, lower left corner, in graphite, \u201cfig. 7",
                "inscription_translation": null,
                "inscription_remark": "The handwriting of the inscription matches the handwriting of the inscriptions on the other four Duchenne photographs, one of which has a European style 1.",
                "sortorder": null
            }
        ],
        "exhibitions": {
            "current": [],
            "legacy": []
        },
        "provenance": [
            {
                "description": "(Serge Kakou, Paris, France)",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": "?-2017",
                "sortorder": 1
            },
            {
                "description": "(Robert Hershkowitz, Ltd., Sussex, United Kingdom)",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": "2017\u201318",
                "sortorder": 2
            },
            {
                "description": "sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": "February 26, 2018-",
                "sortorder": 3
            }
        ],
        "find_spot": null,
        "related_works": [],
        "former_accession_numbers": [],
        "did_you_know": "Duchenne, a neurologist at a hospital for the poor in Paris, turned to photography to record the grammar of human expression.",
        "early_education_description": null,
        "artlens_description": null,
        "description": "Duchenne embarked on the first scientific, systematic exploration of the physiology of human facial expression and hoped, through photographs of his experiments, to teach artists how to portray those emotions. The experiments were performed by applying electrical stimulation to a single muscle on one side of the face, so that the viewer could clearly see the impact of the muscular contraction.",
        "external_resources": {
            "wikidata": [
                "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79873325"
            ],
            "internet_archive": [
                "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.8-figure-7-etude-du-me"
            ]
        },
        "citations": [
            {
                "citation": "Liberatore, Virginia, and G.-B. Duchenne. Performing the Passions between Classical and Modern Epistemes: Text and Photography in Duchenne De Boulogne's \"Me\u0301canisme De La Physionomie Humaine\". 2002.",
                "page_number": null,
                "url": null
            },
            {
                "citation": "Duchenne, G.-B., and R. Andrew Cuthbertson. The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression. 2006.",
                "page_number": null,
                "url": null
            },
            {
                "citation": "Prodger, Phillip. Darwin's Camera: Art and Photography in the Theory of Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.",
                "page_number": null,
                "url": null
            },
            {
                "citation": "Sobieszek, Robert A. Ghost in the Shell: Photography and the Human Soul, 1850-2000 : Essays on Camera Portraiture. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1999.",
                "page_number": null,
                "url": null
            }
        ],
        "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.8",
        "images": {
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            "print": {
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                "date_created": "2018-01-26T14:36:03",
                "annotation": ""
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        ],
        "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Trust",
        "image_credit": null,
        "sketchfab_id": null,
        "sketchfab_url": null,
        "gallery_donor_text": null,
        "athena_id": 307211,
        "creators": [
            {
                "id": 307210,
                "description": "Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne (de Boulogne) (French, 1806\u20131875)",
                "extent": null,
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                "name_in_original_language": null,
                "birth_year": "1806",
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                "use_in_caption": true,
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            {
                "id": 41226,
                "description": "Adrien Tournachon (French, 1825\u20131903)",
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        "legal_status": "accessioned",
        "accession_date": "2018-02-26T00:00:00-05:00",
        "sortable_date": 1851,
        "date_added_to_oa": null,
        "date_text": "c. 1856, printed 1862",
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        "cover_accession_number": null,
        "is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
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        "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:54:08.170000"
    }
}