{
    "data": {
        "id": 368711,
        "accession_number": "2019.180",
        "share_license_status": "CC0",
        "tombstone": "Christ, St. Paul, and the Twelve Apostles, c. 1578. Hendrick Goltzius (Dutch, 1558\u20131617), Hans Collaert the Elder (Flemish, 1520\u20131581), Unknown Engraver (Netherlandish), after Maarten de Vos (Flemish, 1532\u20131603). Thirteen engravings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Carole W. and Charles B. Rosenblatt Endowment Fund, 2019.180",
        "current_location": null,
        "title": "Christ, St. Paul, and the Twelve Apostles",
        "creation_date": "c. 1578",
        "creation_date_earliest": 1573,
        "creation_date_latest": 1583,
        "artists_tags": [
            "gender unknown",
            "male"
        ],
        "culture": [
            "Netherlands, 16th century"
        ],
        "technique": "Thirteen engravings",
        "support_materials": [],
        "department": "Prints",
        "collection": "PR - Engraving",
        "type": "Print",
        "dimensions": {},
        "state_of_the_work": "First state/edition",
        "edition_of_the_work": null,
        "copyright": null,
        "inscriptions": [],
        "exhibitions": {
            "current": [],
            "legacy": []
        },
        "provenance": [
            {
                "description": "James Bergquist, Newton Centre, MA",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": null,
                "sortorder": 1
            },
            {
                "description": "the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": "September 9, 2019",
                "sortorder": 2
            }
        ],
        "find_spot": null,
        "related_works": [],
        "former_accession_numbers": [],
        "did_you_know": "In the late 16th century, viewing an image of a saint\u2019s martyrdom was meant to create a personal connection to the saint.",
        "early_education_description": null,
        "artlens_description": null,
        "description": "This print series features thirteen engravings depicting Christ and the Apostles (Christ\u2019s primary disciples). In each scene, an apostle is shown in the foreground, with architecture and landscape behind him that indicate the locales in which he preached Christ\u2019s message, from Rome to India. In the middle ground of each print, the apostle\u2019s martyrdom is enacted with multiple figures, while the party responsible for his death\u2014be it king, idol, or devil\u2014looks on. Martyrdom was tied to sainthood in Roman Catholic theology, and martyrdoms appeared frequently in art made after 1563, when the Catholic Church declared that religious art should create empathetic, personal connections to the saints.",
        "external_resources": {
            "wikidata": [
                "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79878261"
            ],
            "internet_archive": [
                "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2019.180-christ-st-paul-and-t"
            ]
        },
        "citations": [
            {
                "citation": null,
                "page_number": null,
                "url": null
            },
            {
                "citation": "Hirschmann, O. <em>Verzeichnis des graphischen Werks von Hendrick Goltzius</em>. Leipzig, 1921",
                "page_number": "p. 350-61",
                "url": null
            }
        ],
        "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2019.180",
        "images": {
            "annotation": null,
            "web": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.180/2019.180_web.jpg",
                "width": "900",
                "height": "398",
                "filesize": "256119",
                "filename": "2019.180_web.jpg"
            },
            "print": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.180/2019.180_print.jpg",
                "width": "3400",
                "height": "1505",
                "filesize": "2505061",
                "filename": "2019.180_print.jpg"
            },
            "full": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.180/2019.180_full.tif",
                "width": "15150",
                "height": "6706",
                "filesize": "304815060",
                "filename": "2019.180_full.tif"
            }
        },
        "alternate_images": [],
        "creditline": "Carole W. and Charles B. Rosenblatt Endowment Fund",
        "image_credit": null,
        "sketchfab_id": null,
        "sketchfab_url": null,
        "gallery_donor_text": null,
        "athena_id": 368711,
        "creators": [
            {
                "id": 68231,
                "description": "Hendrick Goltzius (Dutch, 1558\u20131617)",
                "extent": null,
                "qualifier": null,
                "role": "artist",
                "biography": null,
                "name_in_original_language": null,
                "birth_year": "1558",
                "death_year": "1617",
                "use_in_caption": true,
                "include_extent": false,
                "weight": 1
            },
            {
                "id": 375199,
                "description": "Hans Collaert the Elder (Flemish, 1520\u20131581)",
                "extent": null,
                "qualifier": null,
                "role": "artist",
                "biography": "Flemish engraver and draftsman, ca. 1530-1581 ",
                "name_in_original_language": null,
                "birth_year": "1520",
                "death_year": "1581",
                "use_in_caption": true,
                "include_extent": false,
                "weight": 2
            },
            {
                "id": 375203,
                "description": "Unknown Engraver (Netherlandish)",
                "extent": null,
                "qualifier": null,
                "role": "artist",
                "biography": null,
                "name_in_original_language": null,
                "use_in_caption": true,
                "include_extent": false,
                "weight": 3
            },
            {
                "id": 23209,
                "description": "Maarten de Vos (Flemish, 1532\u20131603)",
                "extent": null,
                "qualifier": "after",
                "role": null,
                "biography": null,
                "name_in_original_language": null,
                "birth_year": "1532",
                "death_year": "1603",
                "use_in_caption": true,
                "include_extent": false,
                "weight": 4
            },
            {
                "id": 368710,
                "description": "Aux Quatre Vents",
                "extent": "published by",
                "qualifier": null,
                "role": "publisher",
                "biography": null,
                "name_in_original_language": null,
                "use_in_caption": false,
                "include_extent": false,
                "weight": 5
            }
        ],
        "legal_status": "accessioned",
        "accession_date": "2019-09-09T00:00:00-04:00",
        "sortable_date": 1573,
        "date_added_to_oa": null,
        "date_text": "c. 1578",
        "collapse_artists": false,
        "on_loan": false,
        "recently_acquired": false,
        "record_type": "cover",
        "conservation_statement": null,
        "has_conservation_images": false,
        "cover_accession_number": null,
        "is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
        "impression": null,
        "alternate_titles": [
            "The Martyrdom of the Apostles"
        ],
        "is_highlight": false,
        "updated_at": "2026-07-11 11:57:50.184000"
    }
}